Please use it as such. 3. 4. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. Allow employees to move from one job to another Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. Jobs are more satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual increases. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Business Studies. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. C)Herzberg's hygiene factors. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . IvyPanda. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. B. the humanistic view of management. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. Theory X They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. E. the equity theory. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision B)the humanistic view of management. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions 3. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Shorten working hours While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. T or F. Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than Theories X and Y. 4. when two people do one job. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Is there an internal conflict between team members? 1. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . 1. providing opportunities for employee growth Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. 2. The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. 4. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. Not all employees can work in strict and controlled environments; it can decrease productivity. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- 1. 5. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. 3. social needs When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. 3. the equity theory. Job sharing Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? 3. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. C. Douglas McGregor. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. 4. trust his employees. hygiene factor? 4. 4. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. E. William Ouchi. Herzberg's hygiene factors. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a Douglas McGregor. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Management styles impact organizational goals. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 1. 5. B. Frederick llerzberg. But what does it mean in practice? 1. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. 5. the humanistic view of management. Workers are often micromanaged and have very little autonomy in the organization. 1. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. 2. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? O. C. Ferrell. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: Herzberg's hygiene factors. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. 1. recognition Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. 5. 4. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. He reasoned that . Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. 3. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 1. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow 3. providing adequate incentives. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. 3. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. 3. the equity theory. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? 5. specialization. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. 2. flextime. 1. esteem needs Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. 5. job enlargement. student. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. 3. extrinsic reward This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. 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