Vietnam, Winter-Spring 1970 01 Nov 69 to 30 Apr 70 The Military Departments are . At 15:00 the first CH-53s were sighted heading towards the DAO Compound at Tan Son Nhut. [10]:196 The plan for the evacuation included stationing buses and American civilian bus drivers at 28 buildings throughout metropolitan Saigon. participation in Operation FREQUENT WIND, during the period 29 In addition, two CH-46s would provide medical evacuation capabilities while AH-1J SeaCobras would fly cover for the transport helicopters and for any ground units who requested support. Commander Task Force 76 received the order to execute Operation Frequent Wind (initially Talon Vise), the evacuation of U.S. personnel and Vietnamese who might suffer as a result of their past service to the Allied effort. The helicopters had to be pushed or ditched into the sea because of the lack of space on deck. 111. IV. [19], Despite all the concern over these military threats, the weather presented the gravest danger. Elbert, CO 80106, Colonel William B. Davis, USMC (Retired) Bio, View by Tank Companies & Ontos Battalions, Randy Browning Memorial Awarded the Navy Cross, Authorization for wear: E.O. On that final day, USAF aircraft flew a total of 1,422 sorties over Saigon. The service medal was awarded to all members of the armed forces who served in Vietnam and contiguous waters and airspace between 01 July 1958 and 28 March 1973. Major Kean advised that the LZ would be well lit and had vehicles moved around the parking lot LZ with their engines running and headlights on to illuminate the LZ. should be submitted to CNO/CMC, via the commander who exercised [3]:258 The total number of Vietnamese evacuated by Frequent Wind or self-evacuated and ending up in the custody of the United States for processing as refugees to enter the United States totalled 138,869. service in Vietnam, and no person shall be entitled to more than The U.S. Air Force played a key role in Operation FRE-QUENTWIND. This office can identify awards earned by Navy units. All personnel who participated in Operation Frequent Wind (the. When Lady Ace 09 transmitted "Tiger is out", those helicopter crews still flying thought the mission was complete, and delayed evacuating the Marines from the embassy rooftop. . A Silver Star, 3/16 inch in diameter, is authorized for wear in place of five (5) Bronze Stars when a total of five (5) campaigns have been recognized. However, no person shall be entitled to both awards One AC-119 gunship had spent the night of 28/29 April dropping flares and firing on the approaching PAVN. VI . a. English: Map showing the disposition of U.S. Navy ships at the start of "Operation Frequent Wind", in April 1975. Martin had remained optimistic that a negotiated settlement could be reached whereby the US would not have to pull out of South Vietnam and, in an effort to avert defeatism and panic he instructed Major James Kean, commanding officer of the Marine Security Guard Battalion and Ground Support Force Commander United States Embassy Compound, that he could not begin to remove the tamarind tree and other trees and shrubbery which prevented the use of the embassy parking lot as a helicopter landing zone. Operation FREQUENT WIND - 29 April - 30 April 1975. No person may be issued both the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (AFEM) for Members of rear of the United States in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air ships or units, and who actually participated in the given However, no person shall be entitled to Between 19:00 and 21:00 on 29 April approximately 130 additional Marines from 2nd Battalion 4th Marines were lifted from the DAO Compound to reinforce perimeter security at the embassy,[10]:195 bringing the total number of Marines at the embassy to 175. [6]:121, Midway deck crew surround Major Buang and his family, At the same time as the aerial evacuation, tens of thousands of South Vietnamese fled towards TF-76 aboard junks, sampans, and small craft. During the course of the operation an unknown number of RVNAF helicopters flew out of what remained of South Vietnam to the fleet. short periods or TAD and training duty are normally not eligible [20]:2829 With its available fleet of only 20 Hueys (3 of which were impounded, ditched or damaged at TF76), Air America had moved over 1,000 evacuees to the DAO Compound, the Embassy or out to the ships of TF76. The 9th Marine Amphibious Brigade (9th MAB), which was to supply helicopters and a security force for the evacuation, sent a delegation to consult with Ambassador Graham Martin on current plans on 12 April. C-130 flights were stopped temporarily after the air attack but resumed at 20:00 on 28 April. The fixed-wing evacuation was terminated and Operation Frequent Wind began. They were the last American ground casualties in Vietnam. At 10:00 Ambassador Martin confirmed General Smith's assessment and at 10:48 he contacted Washington to recommend Option 4, the helicopter evacuation. These medals are not a basis for preference and include the following: . Most of the Marines were inside the chancery when the crowds outside the embassy broke through the gates into the compound. Ambassador Martin soon sent word back to Major Kean that sorties would continue to be flown. (c) Members qualified for the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (AFEM), by reason [10]:197, 9th MAB intelligence photo of the DAO Compound with LZs marked, 9th MAB post-operation map of the DAO Compound and Air America Compound with LZs marked, A Marine provides security as helicopters land at the DAO Compound, Vietnamese evacuees board a CH-53 at LZ 39, Aerial reconnaissance photos of the destroyed DAO Headquarters building with Air America Compound in the foreground, On 25 April, 40 Marines from the 9th MAB on USS Hancock were flown in by Air America helicopters in civilian clothes to the DAO compound to augment the 18 Marine Security Guards assigned to defend the embassy; an additional six Marines were assigned to protect Ambassador Martin. [6]:34, Throughout April, the "thinning out" proceeded slowly, largely because the South Vietnamese government was slow to issue papers allowing Americans to take Vietnamese dependents with them, with the result that MAC aircraft were often departing empty. Personnel in riverine and coastal operations, assaults, patrols, sweeps, ambushes, convoys, amphibious landings, and similar activities who have participated in fire fights are eligible. The tail rotor sheared off and embedded itself in the engine of an Air America Bell 205 that was doing a hot refueling on the helipad at the rear of the ship. President Ford later called it "a sad and tragic period in America's history" but argued that "you couldn't help but be very proud of those pilots and others who were conducting the evacuation". [22] CH-46s evacuated the Battalion Landing Team by 07:00 and after an anxious wait a lone CH-46 Swift 2-2 of HMM-164[10]:200 arrived to evacuate Major Kean and the ten remaining men of the Marine Security Guards, this last helicopter took off at 07:53 on 30 April and landed on USS Okinawa at 08:30. [10]:196 Between 19:00 and 21:00 General Carey transferred 3 platoons (130 men) of BLT 2/4 into the embassy compound to provide additional security and assistance for the embassy. Personnel assigned to areas subjected to sustained mortar, missile, and artillery attacks actively participate in retaliatory or offensive actions are eligible. Tens of thousands of Vietnamese evacuated themselves by sea or air. Operation Frequent Wind ship disposition 1975 - Recreated map.svg. Upon submission of evidence to their commanding officer, personnel who earned the Combat Infantryman Badge (CIB) or Combat Medical Badge (CMB) while a member of the US Army may be authorized to wear the CAR. Helicopters began to clog ship decks and eventually, some were pushed overboard to allow others to land. (Authorization of the CAR must be approved either by the USMC or USN AwardsBranches. Writer Claude-Michel Schnberg has acknowledged that the musical was inspired by pictures of the evacuation. 127-GVB-279-A801616: Operation Frequent Wind, April 29, 1975. Marine corporals McMahon and Judge, killed at the DAO compound, were the only members of US forces killed in action during the operation and they were the last US ground casualties in Vietnam. [10]:199 At that time Major Kean estimated that there were still some 850 non-American evacuees and 225 Americans (including the Marines), and Ambassador Martin told Major Kean to do the best he could. In the event, air support was not needed as the North Vietnamese paused for a week at the outskirts of Saigon, possibly waiting for the South Vietnamese government to collapse and avoiding a possible confrontation with the U.S. by allowing the mostly-unopposed evacuation of Americans from Saigon. A third wave of two CH-53s from HMH-463 and eight USAF CH-53Cs and two USAF HH-53s of the 40th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron (all operating from USS Midway) arrived shortly afterwards. On 23 April President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines announced that no more than 2,500 Vietnamese evacuees would be allowed in the Philippines at any one time, further increasing the strain on MAC which now had to move evacuees out of Saigon and move some 5,000 evacuees from Clark Air Base on to Guam, Wake Island and Yokota Air Base. Guide to the Khanh Van Thi Nguyen Narrative on Operation Frequent Wind. [30], For an operation of the size and complexity of Frequent Wind, casualties were relatively light. Note: (5) Named Campaigns are denoted by a 3/16 silver service star. Pilots of other helicopters were told to drop off their passengers and then take off and ditch in the sea, from where they would be rescued. to 30 April 1975, may elect the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) in lieu of the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM) for such Personnel in clandestine or special operations such as reconnaissance and SEAL teams are eligible when the risk of enemy fire was great and was expected to be encountered. (d) Public Law 107-314 of 2 December 2002 stipulates that personnel who were awarded the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM) for their participation in Operation FREQUENT WIND, during the period 29 to 30 April 1975, may elect the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) in lieu of the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM) for such service. supporting military operations. Date. In any case this effectively marked the end of the commercial airlift from Tan Son Nhut. [25][26] The South Korean civilians were evacuated in 1976, while General Rhee and two other diplomats were held captive until April 1980. E.O. The Operations were called "Eagle Pull" and "Frequent Wind". RVNAF F-5s took off in pursuit, but they were unable to intercept the A-37s. Attached to or regularly To justify this award, the service performed as a unit must be of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of the Bronze Star Medal, or achievement of like caliber in a non-combat situation, to an individual. The RVNAF pilots had been instructed after dropping off their passengers to ditch their helicopters and they would then be picked up by one of the ship's tenders. of service between 1 July 1958 and 3 July 1965, inclusive, in an This includes personnel attached to a squadron or unit embarked in a ship during the This award may also maybe conferred upon units of the other branches of the Armed Forces of the United States and of friendly foreign nations serving with the Armed Forces of the United States, provided that such units shall meet the standards established for Navy and Marine Corps units. Note: A Bronze Star, 3/16 inch in diameter, is authorized to be worn on the suspension ribbon and ribbon bar of the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) for each of the following campaigns. ), VIETNAM SERVICE MEDAL: http://www.amervets.com/replacement/vn.htm#isrHUMANITARIAN SERVICE MEDAL: http://www.amervets.com/replacement/hum.htm#isrUSN/USMC/USCG COMBAT ACTION RIBBON: http://www.amervets.com/replacement/car.htm#isr, NOTE: Eligible personnel should ensure these Service Period acknowledgments arelisted on your current 201A Military Award Report:http://www.amervets.com/201areq.htm (or amervets.com/201a), Contact Person for this posting: Roger Simpson, PIOPublic Information Office: http://www.13105320634.comThe American War Library: http://www.amervets.com/16907 Brighton AvenueGardena CA 90247-5420Phone / Fax: 1-310-532-0634, -- Otis Willie (Ret.) [6]:24 On 4 April, a C-5A aircraft carrying 250 Vietnamese orphans and their escorts suffered explosive decompression over the sea near Vng Tu and made a crash-landing while attempting to return to Tan Son Nhut; 153 people on board died in the crash. [6]:40 The Frequent Wind plan set out four possible evacuation options:[6]:9, With Option 4, the helicopter evacuation would be expected to be similar to Operation Eagle Pull, the American evacuation by air of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 12 April 1975. A. [23], Sea Stallions returning from the DAO Compound approach USS Midway, RVNAF Hueys and a CH-47 Chinook arrive at USS Midway, RVNAF Huey full with evacuees on the deck of USS Midway. MSC tugs pulled barges filled with people from Saigon Port out to TF-76. Persian Gulf Operation (Operation Vigilant Sentinel) December 1, 1995 to February 1, 1997. . and eight destroyer types for naval gunfire, escort, and area defense, including: The USSEnterprise and USSCoral Sea carrier attack groups of Task Force 77 in the South China Sea provided air cover while Task Force 73 ensured logistic support. It took 43 years to get my dd214 changed to the dd215. The following three tables identify those awards that are campaign and expeditionary medals. USS Frederick earned three campaign stars for Vietnam War service and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for Operation Frequent Wind or 4 campaign stars for the Vietnam Service Medal if the Armed Forces Medal is exchanged for the 18th Vietnam campaign, Op. His helicopter turned and hit the side of Blue Ridge before hitting the sea. As the imminent collapse of Saigon became evident, the U.S. Navy assembled Task Force 76 off the coast near Vng Tu to support a helicopter evacuation and provide air support if required. authorized, shall remain qualified for the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM). Ships and units [14]:63, After the evacuation signal was given, the buses began to pick up passengers and head to the DAO Compound. Go To Top of Page Go To Issue Regulations for Other Medals and Badges one award of the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM). (Operation Frequent Wind) April 29, 1975, to April 30, 1975. [38] Hubert van Es' photo is frequently used in political cartoons commenting on US foreign policy. of the United States, serving at any time between 4 July 1965 April 30, 1975 marks the date of Operation Frequent Wind, one of the largest humanitarian rescues in naval history. To justify this award, the unit must have performed service as a unit of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of the Silver Star Medal or a Legion of Merit to an individual. Operation Frequent Wind was the final phase in the evacuation of American civilians and "at-risk" Vietnamese from Saigon, South Vietnam, before the takeover of the city by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in the Fall of Saigon. Vietnam (including Thailand) July 1, 1958, to July 3, 1965. By 22 April, 20 C-141 and 20 C-130s flights a day were flying evacuees out of Tan Son Nhut to Clark Air Base,[6]:60 some 1,000 miles away in the Philippines. [6]:3031, With the cause of the crash still unknown, the C-5 fleet was grounded and the MAC airlift was reduced to using C-141s and C-130s. "[15] Frank Snepp later recalled the arrival of helicopters at the embassy while the song was playing over the radio as a "bizarre Kafkaesque time". The USN formed a 48 ship task force to evacuate Americans and other from these countries. OPERATION FREQUENT WIND, 29-30 APRIL 1975, WILL BE REFLECTED AS THE 18TH CAMPAIGN UNDER THE VIETNAM CAMPAIGN. [10]:200 At 04:30 with the 19 lift limit already exceeded, Major Kean went to the rooftop LZ and spoke over a helicopter radio with General Carey who advised that President Ford had ordered that the airlift be limited to US personnel. [6]:81 Some RVNAF aircraft stayed to continue to fight the advancing PAVN. To justify citation, the unit must have clearly rendered itself conspicuous by action of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of a Navy Cross to an individual. (Operation Eagle Pull) April 11-13, 1975 Congo July 14, 1960 to September 1, 1962 and . [33], The Cessna O-1 Bird Dog that Major Buang landed on USS Midway is now on display at the National Museum of Naval Aviation at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. X. Tet 69 Counter-offensive 23 Feb 69 to 08 Jun 69 Click on unit logos above for eligibility. [6]:111 However, one USAF report states that an F-4C Wild Weasel and an F-4D of the 388th Fighter Wing, was patrolling between Tan Son Nhut and Bien Hoa about 16:00 when the Wild Weasel detected SAM radar emissions to the north. RVNAF Huey is pushed overboard from USS Midway. The U.S. government was continuing to observe its obligations under the Accords, notwithstanding the North Vietnamese invasion. Presidential Unit Citation (PUC) Ribbon Synopsis: Awarded in the name of the President of the United States to any unit of the Navy or Marine Corps for outstanding performance in action. IT IS. [14]:28, From 10:00 to 12:00 Major Kean and his Marines cut down the tamarind and other trees and moved vehicles to create an LZ in the embassy parking lot behind the chancery building. the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) for each of the following campaigns: I. Vietnam Advisory Campaign 15 Mar 62 to 07 Mar 65 Only personnel attached to Operation Frequent Wind concluded more than two decades of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. [9] Thirteen Marines from the Marine Security Guard (MSG) detachment were deployed to the DAO Compound on 13 April to replace eight Marine guards who had been providing security after they were withdrawn from the closed Da Nang and Nha Trang consulates. A total of 1,373 Americans and over 5,600 South Vietnamese nationals were . Some 400 evacuees were left behind at the embassy including over 100 South Korean citizens; among them was Brigadier General Dai Yong Rhee, the intelligence chief at the South Korean Embassy in Saigon. In addition, military aircraft from Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Poland, the United Kingdom, France, and other countries flew in to evacuate their embassy personnel. Operation FREQUENT WIND (Evacuation of Saigon), 29 and 30 April 1975 (Note: Other Operations do not pertain to the Vietnam Era) Vietnam Service Medal V. Vietnam Counter-offensive I11 01 Jun 67 to 29 Jan 68 [6]:92, The evacuation proceeded without interference from the PAVN. [14]:567 A Marine AH-1J SeaCobra ran out of fuel while searching for USS Okinawa and ditched at sea, the two crew members were rescued by a boat from USS Kirk. [1][2]:14. The cause of the crash was never determined. both awards for service in an area for which the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) has been Hugh van Es believed that Miss Saigon misappropriated his photo and considered legal action against the show, but decided against it. 2. At approximately 14:30, Air America Bell 205 serial number "N47004" landed on the roof of the Pittman Apartment Building at 22 Gia Long Street to collect a senior Vietnamese intelligence source and his family. General Carey's threat to use the AH-1J SeaCobra helicopter gunships flying overhead may have played a role in the ARVN commander's decision. (d) Temporary Duty. Bronze Marine Corps Device(Navy), [41][42], The operation was the subject of the 2014 PBS documentary Last Days in Vietnam.[43]. A second Cessna O-1 was also recovered by USS Midway that afternoon. [5] The Saigon plan had been developed over a number of years. In April 1975, Okinawa participated in Operation Eagle Pull, the evacuation of Phnom Penh, Cambodia and Operation Frequent Wind, the evacuation of Saigon, Vietnam. Commander 's decision, USAF aircraft flew a total of 1,373 Americans and from. The helicopter evacuation 1960 to September 1, 1962 and clog ship decks and eventually, some were pushed to... To areas subjected to sustained mortar, missile, and artillery attacks actively participate in retaliatory or offensive are! And at 10:48 he contacted Washington to recommend Option 4, the helicopter.... 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Photo is frequently used in political cartoons commenting on US foreign policy are denoted by 3/16! Outside the embassy broke through the gates into the sea because of the evacuation stationing... The Operation an unknown number of RVNAF helicopters flew out of what of. Through the gates into the Compound the North Vietnamese invasion [ 19 ], for an Operation the! The CAR must be approved either by the USMC or USN AwardsBranches task force to evacuate Americans and 5,600. Forces Expeditioanry Medal ( AFEM ) 30 ], Despite all the concern over these Military,... 1962 and of 1,373 Americans and Other from these countries terminated and Operation Wind! Day, USAF aircraft flew a total of 1,373 Americans and Other from these countries with people Saigon... Unit logos above for eligibility Washington to recommend Option 4, the helicopter evacuation Washington to recommend Option,... 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