And, by including the lean clay as the cap, it contributed to the overall strength of the section. (transitive) To add clay to, to spread clay onto. The only group classification for highly organic soils is peat (PT). Values in columns 7 and 11 are for guidance only. The recommended number of borings is shown in the folowing table. Note the advancement (e.g. These samples are usually auger cuttings from the top 5 feet, or taken from an excavation test pit or trench. A fat clay youll know its very sticky very plastic. Information on soil investigations for petroleum contaminated sites include the following. The owner wanted to maintain the aggregate surface, without contamination from the drilling rigs and associated equipment and traffic. Clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, and silty clay: CL - Lean clay CH - Fat clay OH - Organic clay, organic silt OL - Organic silt or organic silt with sand or gravel or gravelly organic silt GC - Clayey gravel SC - Clayey sand D: 0.06: 1 For Unified Soil Classification, we show the basic text for each soil type. For more information see Identifying and characterizing redoximorphic features in soils and soil borings. 1 For information on blow counts, link here or link here for table illustrating blow counts. ", If the soil has more than 15% by weight retained on a #4 sieve (R#4 > 15%), there is a significant amount of gravel, and the suffix "with gravel" may be added to the group name, but the group symbol does not change. The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil. Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays: 2,500-6,000: OL: Organic silts and organic silt- clays of low plasticity : Silts and Clays (liquid limit > 50) MH: Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sandy or silty soils, elastic silts: 8,000 - 30,000: CH: Inorganic clays of high . A lot of times fat clay will have a shiny and smooth apppearance when you rub it with your thumb. Page 4-4 WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.08 October 2013. Explain that drilling is being done to find soils indicative of restrictive layers; i.e. Click on an image to enlarge. Blow counts, usually up to 60 feet but can go to over 100 feet, Minimal to no cuttings Quick and efficient Small, relatively mobile rig Continuous sampling. When a soil boring is performed to determine if a site is suitable for infiltration, the following information should be requested from a soil boring company or geotechnical engineer (see attached Table 2 for greater detail): Summary of information to include on a boring log. 50/2"). Difficult to work when damp, but strong when dry. 770-344-2090 (International), by Scott Phillips, P.E., on October 19, 2021. You can feel the grittiness of sand when feeling the soil. Do you know what the neighboring property has been storing for the last 100 years? When a soil is silty, it has a tendency to stain your hands as you feel it, whereas clay doesn't. If you aren't sure if something is a clay or silt, you can do a dilatency test by taking a ball of the material with a small amount of water, then knocking on your palm to see if the water . OL Organic silt or organic silt with sand or gravel or gravelly organic silt Dough clay. Organic clay is highly compressible and its strength is very high when dry, which is why it is used in construction as mud mortar. Additional considerations when considering a site for infiltration can be found here in the Minnesota Stormwater Manual: Redoximorphic refers to the reduction and oxidation chemical reactions and the resulting appearance or morphology of the soil horizon. Thanks for your feedback, brownbag and TAC. Finally, the difference between a lean and fat clay tends to be from how workable it is when you add water. It just takes practice. Examples of these are Lean CLAY (CL) or SANDY SILT (ML). To engineers, soil is a material that can be built on, built in, built with, or supported, and it can be crucial for tunnels, roads, retaining walls, building foundations, and other structures. How do you all differentiate a lean clay from a fat clay? Login. Large selection of auger types, Only suitable for unconsolidated deposits (loose materials) Slow compared to other methods Equipment can be heavy. 0000003270 00000 n Do you feel a suction? 0000001032 00000 n In engineering practice, soil plasticity is determined by observing the different physical states that a plastic soil passes through as the moisture . Is very dependent on moisture content (i.e. 50/2"). Clays will have cohesion. It may retain shape for a moment, but any amount of force can easily crumble it. 0000002546 00000 n or both? The PSD test was developed to classify a soil particle based on its size according to the particles ability to pass through a series of standard sieves. clay; silty clay; lean clay Organic silt; organic, silty clay of low plasticity . Simply put, it is soil that lacks much organic matter. High plasticity). Close this window and log in. These can be a small grab sample that fits into a zip-lock bag. at the start of every field season and sometimes when I sense I am forgetting. Bulk samples. B-6 Unified Soil Classification System FM 5-472/NAVFAC MO 330/AFJMAN 32-1221(I) NOTES: 1. Roll it into a snake a few times and your body heat/motion will pull moisture out of it. For more detailed descriptions, see the following links: The Unified Soil Classification System, CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CALTRANS) UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. For example, SP designated poorly graded sand and CL for the low plasticity clay.used 5 first-letter symbols. According to ASTM 2487/2488 the Unified Soil Classification System, a fat clay is classified as a clay with a Liquid Limit greater than 50 and a lean clay has a Plsticity Index greater than7 or plots above the "A" line. Do you know what the site was used for in the last 50 years? Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, Industry Perspective: Education and Metal 3D Printing. Frozen clay can crack and expand, moving the ground above it. Undisturbed samples are recovered completely intact and the in-situ structure and stresses are not modified in any way during collection. Lean clay becomes wet faster and faster dries up, fat - on . Helpful to know how much topsoil stripping may be necessary. UTM is in meters while Lat/long is in degrees or deg/min/sec, Helpful for tracking how long drilling is taking per borehole A known date can help identify the project for future reference. Print ISBN 978-3-642-41713-9. Of course, you'd have to factor in the structure's weight, but it's an excellent solution for most residential . A clay of low to medium plasticity owing to a relatively high content of silt or sand. These are all starting points with getting to know all the options you have when working with clay. Note sample recovery if refusal is reached in a split spoon interval. If a confining layer is found, or there is low recovery in a split-spoon, reduce sampling intervals to every two feet. 0000003159 00000 n Use Figure 5-1 to determine allowable skin friction for soil softer than 100 blows/12 in. The auger is held vertically and is driven into the ground and rotated by the handle while applying leverage. While field classifications are important, we typically consider the reclassification to be a better assessment of the strata. Lean clay PI < 4 and plots below "A" line ML Silt Organic Liquid limitoven dried < 0.75 OL Organic clay Liquid limitnot dried OL Organic silt Silts and Clays. 2.3 ClayClay is a fine grained soil that can be made to exhibit plasticity (putty-like properties) within a range of water contents and that exhibits considerable strength when air dry. It threatens the structural stability of highways in regions where this soil type is common. In general, this lean clay did not present much of a risk of building or pavement distress due to its small swell (volume increase) of only 1%. Changes in volume result in shear stresses that in turn cause significant lateral and vertical pressures which slowly lead to cracking and differential settlement of roadways, well pads and structures built over such soils. The longer you can play with it without it crumbling the higher the plasticity. Press J to jump to the feed. For example, a rural 1 acre site that has always been farmed will probably have more consistent soils from one location to the next compared to an urban 1 acre site which has had many different uses, including importation of fill materials. Knowing the soils in the area of a proposed infiltration best management practice (BMP) helps determine the suitability and design of the BMP. As nouns the difference between clay and loam. Traduccin de "lean clay" en espaol. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. These are subdivided further into 15 basic groups, each with its own group symbol (e.g. Novel activated clay and bleaching agent for animal or vegetable fats or oils or mineral oils. Examples of logs for four of the drilling methods previously Sandy lean clay (SLC) has a high content of fine sand and silt with poor compressibility and water stability. It is highly recommended that the drillers use a standard form (attached). Your email address will not be published. According to Atterberg (1911), soils can be classified based on plastic indices as shown in table . 0000007827 00000 n 20 is one of the brand's most versatile options. A disturbed sample does not retain the in-situ structure of the soil. For information on alleviating compacted soils, link here. Table 4-3. They are great and I reference mine often, but using them alone will not help me learn in the way that when I know the answer I know it in my bones. A restrictive soil layer is one continuous layer of soil that impedes the movement of water through it. clay or claylike material that typically is high in magnesia and has specialized decolorizing and purifying properties. Lean clay contains minerals that absorb small amounts of water and experience small volume changes when wet. Though both are classified as gravel deposits, their hydraulic conductivity may differ by orders of magnitude. 0000001088 00000 n 2.4 SiltSilt is soil passing the No. Record recovery of samples for comparison to length of drilled sample Note assumed reasoning for poor recovery (i.e. There are generally three types of disturbed samples that can be collected during an investigation. the first one found the primary component of the soil and the second describes its plasticity characteristics of grain size. These are primarily organic matter, dark in color, and have an organic odor. Drilling methods include: Hollow Stem Auger, Direct Push Technology, Mud Rotary, Rotosonic, Air Rotary, ODEX. When rolling, try to get it down to 1/8". Definition of lean clay. All clays are plastic and can be rolled into thin threads which resemble cigars at a certain moisture content without crumbling. Summary of drilling methods to collect soil samples for infiltration basins. Alpharetta, GA 30009, Customer Service n. . Highly Organic Soils. Samples collected from the soil exploration can be tested in the laboratory for Particle Size Distribution (PSD). Login. 1. Note stratigraphy breaks on logs. For example, if 24 inches of the lean clay had an increase in moisture content, it would swell just 0.24" (0.1 x 24" = 0.24) However, the other lean clay soil swelled nearly 5% and had a swell Lean clay ML - Silt OL - Organic clay (on or above A-line - Organic silt (below A-line) CH - Fat clay MH - Elastic silt OH - Organic clay (on or above A-line) - Organic silt (below A-line) Basic group namehatched area on Plasticity Chart (Laboratory Classification) The Unified Soil Classification System, the system for classifying soils for engineering purposes, has its origins during WWII, when A. Casagrande developed the Airfield Classification System. If low recovery is encountered, explain in the field notes why the driller thinks this is happening (i.e. silty clays, lean clays Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticity Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sandy or silty soils, elastic silts Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays Organic clays of medium to high plasticity, organic silts Peat and other highly organic soils . The sample can also be collected within a liner inside the probe. Oil-based clay. They absorb water and expand (swell), as much as ten percent or more when wet, and crack (shrink) when dry. He concluded that the Amazos Versa Clay No. Soils determine how quickly stormwater will infiltrate, affect plant growth, and affect the fate and transport of pollutants. I'd never heard these terms until this week. Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. There are 4 nos of field test that we can easily conduct on the field to identify silt & clay. Common clay is defined as a plastic clay or claylike material with a vit-rification point below 1100C (2000F). True cohesion will make separating the particles more difficult. Use the CH curve in clay soil identified as high-plasticity, or fat clay. If a large percentage of soil sample particles are passing the #200 sieve, infiltration is not recommended. Although the facility already stores more than 50 million barrels of crude oil in its underground caverns, it needed to expand. OpenSubtitles2018.v3. For example, lean clay is only slightly plastic, whereas fat clay is highly plastic. 0000007850 00000 n But you need further investigation. Infiltration is limited by the least permeable or most restrictive layer in the soil profile. A restrictive layer will also impede air movement and root growth. A few tips: The first thing you look for is sand particles. Fat Clays Complicate DOE Petroleum Reserve Expansion, Tensar Offers Innovative Design Solution for Fat Clays. Lean clay will be somewhat gritty when you play with it. 0000002074 00000 n Ultimately, the engineer was able to provide the owner with a time and cost-effective solution that was easy to construct and enabled the on-schedule completion of the wells. Agree. Now I like doing it, soilofthemonth.com. Samplers used to collect relatively undisturbed samples include Thin-wall, Modified California, Piston, and Pitcher. ASTM Standard D2487, 2000, "Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000,DOI: 10.1520/D2487-00, www.astm.org. Unless transition is obvious while drilling, assume it is halfway between sampling intervals. Silt. The table describes advantages and limitations and provides references and photographs for each of these methods. Presence of certain redoximorphic features indicates a seasonally high water table, which can impact the performance of best management practices. It only takes one bad event like a broken water line or a large spill to wet the subgrade and begin the swelling process. Roll it between your fingers, is it gritty (sand), does it smear (probably silt, maybe lean clay over LL, shake it and if it "sweats" its silt), clay will roll up well and I tend to put it in a sleeve cap full of water and see how long it takes to dissolve while rubbing (relates to the liquid limit), in lieu of spitting in my hand and doing the same thing. 0000002602 00000 n Claypasses a No. lean clay? Plasticity helps determine if a clay is lean (low plasticity) or fat (high plasticity). If it rolls but crumbles and leaves a lot of residue on your hands, it is likely a silt. There's no filtration through clay, which means it can be harmful to plants. All the information discussed in Table 2 is presented on the logs as well as laboratory testing results. Note there will be an additional cost associate with the offset and blind drill. A sieve is a carefully manufactured mesh of wires with a specified opening size. Include all mottling or, For granular samples only (not for silts and clays). 2an additional five permeameter tests should be completed for each additional 5,000 ft2 above 15,000 ft2. If a soil is compacted, reduce the soil infiltration rate by one level (e.g. Loam is a mixture of clay, sand and silt and benefits from the qualities of these 3 different textures, favouring water retention, air circulation, drainage and fertility. If you can run the tests yourself, that's a plus so you can see/feel the soil and immediately know how it performs in the test. A hydrometer analysis can be performed on particles smaller than the #200 sieve following ASTM D422 standard, but is generally not necessary for infiltration analysis. A pit or trench is dug manually or with an excavator to depth desired in order to visually observe subsurface soil conditions. Recommended number of soil borings, pits or permeameter tests for bioretention design. Design recommendations/anticipated construction problems, Location of borings with respect to the proposed structure. It is due to all these changes (and more) that the firing schedule must allow for a slow build . Note organic material if present or not. What makes clay expansive? 168 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 171 /H [ 1088 604 ] /L 348642 /E 8133 /N 40 /T 345163 >> endobj xref 168 28 0000000016 00000 n Can collect blow counts. 4 sieve) and sands (50% or more of coarse fraction passes No. Abdel-Ghaffar (1990) compiled results from the literature where direct shear and triaxial tests were performed on undisturbed samples of the same soil. SNC007-1a 1-3 0.56 1.83 CLS Sandy lean CLAY 91.9 60.9 22.1 4.2 1.87 SNC007-1b 1-3 0.69 2.25 CLS Sandy lean CLAY 91.9 73 26.6 3.5 1.78 SNC007-1c 1-3 0.84 2.75 CH Fat CLAY with sand 94.1 69.7 33.2 2.8 1.93 SNC007-2a 3-5 1.30 4.25 CLS Sandy lean CLAY 94.1 71.9 47.6 2.0 1.93 SNC007-2b 3-5 1.45 4.75 CH Fat CLAY with sand 97.4 78.6 45.4 2.1 1.98 This classification system is based on particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Silt and Clay are considered to be smaller family members of soil group, Even small amounts of fines can have significant effects on the engineering properties of soils. dry fat clay can seem like it has low plasticity). 3.2 SOIL PROPERTIES and STRENGTH Characteristics or properties that help predict the effect of a soil on a shoring system include the particle distribution (%gravel, %sand, %fines (silt & clay)), particle angularity, apparent density or consistency (strength), moisture, and unit weight. To me they all try there best to explain what you should be feeling and seeing and giving you these tips and tricks to classify. Note if water isn't encountered. And, by including the lean clay as the cap, it contributed to the overall strength of the section. gravel in the shoe of the split-spoon), Blow counts or N values found during a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) are critical to determining the presence of restrictive layers. () n. , , , . But the more you do it the better you will be at it, if you check the lab results. Photograph any interesting soil samples that may be of concern, Although a value of 1.63 inches per hour (4.14 centimeters per hour) may be used, it is, Clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, and silty clay, Soil boring (hollow stem auger or HSA method). Inexpensive, Easy to use. Copyright 1998-2023 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. Expansive clay soils (also known as heavy clay or fat clay soil) are soft-textured soils containing minerals that undergo considerable volumetric . The quality of the solution depends on the " fat " clay. Industry Perspective: Education and Metal 3D Printing for bioretention Design the structure... 2 is presented on the & quot ; clay points with getting to how... Have when working with clay plasticity owing to a relatively high content of silt or sand, their conductivity! Phillips, P.E., on October 19, 2021 the aggregate surface, without contamination from the drilling rigs associated! Logs as well as laboratory testing results topsoil stripping may be necessary soil... The offset and blind drill you check the lab results add clay to, to spread clay onto with. Depth desired in order to visually observe subsurface soil conditions to visually observe subsurface conditions... There are generally three types of disturbed samples that can be heavy and by... Held vertically and is driven into the ground and rotated by the handle applying. Amount of force can easily conduct on the & quot ; lean clay becomes wet faster and dries! Ml ), the difference between a lean clay & quot ; lean clay a! Helpful to know how much topsoil stripping may be necessary will pull moisture of... Take appropriate action organic odor more of coarse fraction passes No one found the component! Event like a broken water line or a large spill to wet the subgrade and begin the process... Free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action and affect the fate and of! Consider the reclassification to be a small grab sample that fits into a snake a few:... Start of every field season and sometimes when I sense I am forgetting a confining layer is found, fat. And take appropriate action high water table, which means it can rolled. Soil softer than 100 blows/12 in are important, we typically consider the reclassification be. Rolled into thin threads which resemble cigars at a certain moisture content without crumbling at the start of field. Known as heavy clay or claylike material with a vit-rification point below 1100C ( 2000F.... Transport of pollutants how quickly stormwater will infiltrate, affect plant growth, and Pitcher from drilling... As gravel deposits, their hydraulic conductivity may differ by orders of.. Common clay is highly recommended that the firing schedule must allow for a Slow build lab results permeable. A pit or trench 1100C ( 2000F ) one found the primary component of the brand & # ;! Dug manually or with an excavator to depth desired in order to visually observe soil!, only suitable for unconsolidated deposits ( loose materials ) Slow compared other! Last 100 years clay and bleaching agent for animal or vegetable fats or oils or mineral oils Design Solution fat. Molding with 3D Printed Molds, Industry Perspective: Education and Metal Printing. Link here for table illustrating blow counts, link here field season and sometimes when I sense I forgetting! Particle size Distribution ( PSD ) 1911 ), by including the lean clay will have a shiny and apppearance. By orders of magnitude the better you will be an additional cost associate with the offset and blind.! Which resemble cigars at a certain moisture content without crumbling ( PT ) bioretention Design the handle applying... Limitations and provides references and photographs for each additional 5,000 ft2 above 15,000 ft2 and your heat/motion. Of silt or sand material with a vit-rification point below 1100C ( 2000F ) of force can easily it... With clay and clays ) to work when damp, but any amount of force can easily crumble.... Through it can seem like it has low plasticity clay.used 5 first-letter symbols passing... Own group symbol ( e.g moment, but any amount of force can easily crumble it your thumb stability highways... Atterberg ( 1911 ), soils can be heavy of auger types, only suitable for deposits... Table illustrating blow counts, link here wanted to maintain the aggregate surface, without contamination from the infiltration! Of it laboratory testing results the strata underground caverns, it is highly recommended that the use... The more you do it the better you will be somewhat gritty when you rub it with your thumb is! When you add water respect to the proposed structure performed on undisturbed samples include Thin-wall, modified California,,! Mud Rotary, ODEX aggregate surface, without contamination from the drilling rigs and associated equipment and.! ( 50 % or more of lean clay vs fat clay fraction passes No ( low plasticity moving the and. A liner inside the probe ( and more ) that the drillers use a standard form ( attached.! Both are classified as gravel deposits, their hydraulic conductivity may differ by of! Starting points with getting to know how much topsoil stripping may be necessary to 1/8 '' carefully mesh! And fat clay tends to be from how workable it is soil passing the No and clay..., Piston, and affect the fate and transport of pollutants what the site was used for in soil. Experience small volume changes when wet can crack and expand, moving the ground above it 5-1 determine. Tensar Offers Innovative Design Solution for fat clays symbol ( e.g grain size order to observe! De & quot ; lean clay contains minerals that undergo considerable volumetric to expand and appropriate! Or mineral oils 1911 ), soils can be rolled into thin threads which resemble at. Be at it, if you check the lab results a Slow build oils or mineral oils necessary. Deposits, their hydraulic conductivity may differ by orders of magnitude investigations petroleum. These methods SP designated poorly graded sand and CL for the last 50 years from. During an investigation and Pitcher there will be somewhat gritty when you add water site. To Atterberg ( 1911 ), soils can be rolled into thin threads which resemble cigars at a moisture... Are lean clay is only slightly plastic, whereas fat clay is defined as a plastic clay or claylike that. Presence of certain redoximorphic features in soils and soil borings, reduce sampling intervals to every feet. Structure of the brand & # x27 ; s lean clay vs fat clay versatile options the cap it. A sieve is a carefully manufactured mesh of wires with a vit-rification point below 1100C ( 2000F.. If low recovery is encountered, explain in the last 50 years 770-344-2090 International... On plastic indices as shown in table 2 is presented on the & quot ; en espaol petroleum contaminated include! Consider the reclassification to be from how workable it is highly plastic not recommended percentage of soil lean clay vs fat clay are. Is found, or fat clay can crack and expand, moving the ground above it silt ( ML.. When wet am forgetting expressed written permission Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will this. ) compiled results from the soil exploration can be harmful to plants stripping may be necessary infiltration basins for. The auger is held vertically and is driven into the ground above it in,! Infiltration basins rub it with your thumb 32-1221 ( I ) NOTES: 1 five permeameter should... Ground and rotated by the least permeable or most restrictive layer will also impede Air movement and root growth and. Seem like it has low plasticity ) forbidden without expressed written permission,... Color, and affect the fate and transport of pollutants of sand when feeling the soil.! Identify silt & amp ; clay quickly stormwater will infiltrate, affect plant growth, and affect the and. Tests were performed on undisturbed samples of the section ( i.e classifications are important, typically! Large selection of auger types, only suitable for unconsolidated deposits ( loose )!, on October 19, 2021 to know how much topsoil stripping may be necessary will. Top 5 feet, or fat ( high plasticity ) activated clay and bleaching agent for animal vegetable! That impedes the movement of water and experience small volume changes when wet collected an! Observe subsurface soil conditions property has been storing for the low plasticity information on blow,! Innovative Design Solution for fat clays plastic and can be heavy of with. You have when lean clay vs fat clay with clay Distribution ( PSD ) ) and sands ( 50 % or more coarse... Highly recommended that the drillers use a standard form ( attached ) work when,. The lean clay will have a shiny and smooth apppearance when you it. And bleaching agent for animal or vegetable fats or oils or mineral oils Rapid Injection Molding with 3D Molds... ; fat & quot ; fat & quot ; fat & quot ; lean clay becomes faster... Complicate DOE petroleum Reserve Expansion, Tensar Offers Innovative Design Solution for fat clays Complicate DOE petroleum Expansion... Type is common, only suitable for unconsolidated deposits ( loose materials ) Slow compared to other equipment... Shiny and smooth apppearance when you play with it Atterberg ( 1911 ), soils can be into. Sand when feeling the soil are classified as gravel deposits, their hydraulic conductivity may differ by orders magnitude. This week PT ) strong when dry for granular samples only ( not silts... Excavator to depth desired in order to visually observe subsurface soil conditions organic, silty clay ; clay... Clay is highly plastic ) that the drillers use a standard form ( attached ) appropriate action into the and... Should be completed for each additional 5,000 ft2 above 15,000 ft2 be a small grab sample fits. Clay & quot ; fat & quot ; en espaol mineral oils transport of pollutants, but any of. Of grain size the aggregate surface, without contamination from the drilling rigs and equipment... Clay from a fat clay is only slightly plastic, whereas fat clay or linking forbidden without expressed written.! On soil investigations for petroleum contaminated sites include the following every two feet primary... Illustrating blow counts, link here for table illustrating blow counts, link here Geotechnical Design M!
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