The infantry, tired, weary, and suffering under the heat, were quickly broken and sent into mass retreat. Blood, human blood stood about in pools and brains could have been gathered up in any quantity. . 1 Review. Was Nathan a Confederate or Union member . [105] Here, the mobility of the troops under his command and his superior tactics led to victory,[106][107] allowing him to continue harassing U.S. forces in southwestern Tennessee and northern Mississippi throughout the war. [249][250], As of 2019, Nathan Bedford Forrest Day was still observed in Tennessee, though some Democrats in the state had attempted to change the law, which required Tennessee's governor to sign a proclamation honoring the holiday. In 1871, the U.S. Congressional Committee Report stated that "The natural tendency of all such organizations is to violence and crime, hence it was that Gen. Forrest and other men of influence by the exercise of their moral power, induced them to disband". Congressman, RI: Biographies of the Civil War: 1: Apr 19, 2021: Committee Recommends Statue of Nathan Forrest Be Placed in Museum, Not in Public: Concerns About Civil War Monuments and Sites . He acquired several cotton plantations in the Delta region of West Tennessee,[13] and became a slave trader at a time when demand for enslaved people was booming in the Deep South; his slave-trading business was based on Adams Street in Memphis. [6], Forrest's most decisive victory came on June 10, 1864, when his 3,500-man force clashed with 8,500 men commanded by U.S. Army Brig. Now often recast as "Getting there firstest with the mostest",[224] this misquote first appeared in a New York Tribune article written to provide colorful comments in reaction to European interest in Civil War generals. Nathan Bedford Forrest, Daniel Foxx. In Room 10 of the Maxwell, Forrest was sworn in as a member by John W. Joint Resolution on the Subject of Retaliation", "KKK leader on specialty license plates? Legislative Branch-Dixon, Nathan Fellows II - U.S. Nathan became wealthy in the 1850s as a cotton planter and slave trader: he was based in Memphis, Tennessee but owned land in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. [18], Forrest had success as a businessman, planter, and enslaver. Forrest carried a model 1840 officer's cavalry sword from Horstmann and Sons of Philadelphia. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 77 acres (0.31 km 2) of the Okolona battlefield. [218] U.S. Army General William Tecumseh Sherman called him "that devil Forrest" in wartime communications with Ulysses S. Grant and considered him "the most remarkable man our civil war produced on either side".[219][220][4]. Historians have differed in their interpretations of the events at Fort Pillow. Laying down the body, Forrest spread his handkerchief over his dead brother's face and, calling on a member of his escort to remain with the corpse, he mounted his horse and said to those who were present: "Follow me.". Nathan Bedford Forrest was a self-taught man who made his fortune as a cotton planter and trader of enslaved people. Meskipun para cendekiawan umumnya mengakui kemampuan Forrest dan keterampilannya sebagai pemimpin kavaleri dan pakar strategi militer, ia masih menjadi figur kontroversial dalam sejarah rasial, khususnya karena . Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealth as a cotton plantation owner, horse, and cattle trader, real estate broker, and slave trader. Tennessee officials voted Thursday to remove the bust of a Ku Klux Klan and Confederate leader Nathan Bedford Forrest from the State Capitol and into the Tennessee State Museum. Achilles Clark, a soldier with the 20th Tennessee cavalry, wrote to his sisters immediately after the battle: The slaughter was awful. Explore historical records and family tree profiles about Nathan Forrest on MyHeritage, the world's family history network. Forrest allegedly . [55], Promoted on July 21, 1862, to brigadier general, Forrest was given command of a Confederate cavalry brigade. I think it is the best government in the world, if administered as it was before the war. [15] John Allan Wyeth, who served in an Alabama regiment under Forrest, described it as a one-room building with a loft and no windows. Early Life. [196] The World War II Army base Camp Forrest in Tullahoma, Tennessee was named after him. Tippah County, Mississippi native Jeffery Edward Forrest was a younger and purportedly favorite brother of Nathan Bedford Forrest. [172] In Louisiana, 1,000 blacks were killed to suppress Republican voting. It is reported that he had killed seven persons with this sword during the war. Nathan Bedford Forrest War, Ku Klux Klan, League 168 Copy quote I loved the old government in 1861. [244] An online petition at Change.org asking the City Council to ban the monument collected 313,617 signatures by mid-September of the same year.[245]. Bedford Forrest, the great Confederate cavalry officer, died at 7:30 o'clock this evening at the residence of his brother, Col. Jesse Forrest. On April 21, Capt. [47], Forrest won praise for his performance under fire during an early victory in the Battle of Sacramento in Kentucky, the first in which he commanded troops in the field, where he routed a U.S. Army force by personally leading a cavalry charge that Brigadier General Charles Clark later commended. [182][183] The Macon Weekly Telegraph newspaper also condemned Forrest for his speech, describing the event as "the recent disgusting exhibition of himself at the negro jamboree" and quoting part of a Charlotte Observer article, which read "We have infinitely more respect for Longstreet, who fraternizes with negro men on public occasions, with the pay for the treason to his race in his pocket, than with Forrest and [General] Pillow, who equalize with the negro women, with only 'futures' in payment". [168] The SeymourBlair Democratic ticket's campaign slogan was: "Our Ticket, Our Motto, This Is a White Man's Country; Let White Men Rule". Nathan Bedford Forrest (13 Juli 1821 - 29 Oktober 1877) adalah seorang jenderal Tentara Konfederasi pada Perang Saudara Amerika dan pemimpin Ku Klux Klan berpengaruh pasca-perang. Pelican Publishing, Feb 28, 2007 - History - 560 pages. [33], Forrest had twelve brothers and sisters; two of his eight brothers and three of his four sisters died of typhoid fever at an early age, all at about the same time. A successful cavalry commander during the Civil War noted for his tactics of mobile warfare,. [125], The historian Court Carney writes that Forrest was not universally popular in the white Memphis community: he alienated many of the city's business people in his commercial dealings and was criticized for questionable business practices that caused him to default on debts. He was not as successful in railroad promotion as in war, and, under his direction, the company went bankrupt. When he received news of Lee's surrender, Forrest surrendered as well. [121], In the spring of 1865, Forrest led an unsuccessful defense of the state of Alabama against Wilson's Raid. During the war, he became interested in the area around Crowley's Ridge and took up civilian life in 1865 in Memphis, Tennessee. Park Office / Visitor Center. The school in Jacksonville was named for Forrest in 1959 at the urging of the Daughters of the Confederacy because they were upset about the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. [80] The fort was defended by 557 U.S. Army troops, 295 white and 262 black, under U.S. Army Maj. L.F. [140] The organization had grown to the point that an experienced commander was needed, and Forrest was well-suited to assume the role. Nathan Bedford Forrest. [77][78][79], Fort Pillow, located 40 miles (64km) upriver from Memphis (near Henning, Tennessee), was initially constructed by Confederate general Gideon Johnson Pillow on the bluffs of the Mississippi River, and taken over by U.S. forces in 1862 after the Confederates had abandoned the fort. Perhaps the most highly regarded cavalry and partisan ( guerrilla) leader in the war, Forrest is regarded by many military historians as that conflict's most innovative and successful general. He played an important part in the civil war and helped with many victories in several battles. In retaliation, Forrest shot and killed two of them with his two-shot pistol and wounded two others with a knife thrown to him. Congress and Grant passed the Enforcement Acts from 1870 to 1871 to protect the "registration, voting, officeholding, or jury service" of African Americans. On May 9, 1865, at Gainesville, Forrest read his farewell address to the men under his command, urging them to "submit to the powers to be, and to aid in restoring peace and establishing law and order throughout the land. Forrest is often erroneously quoted as saying his strategy was to "git thar fustest with the mostest". At this, his last public appearance, he made what The New York Times described as a "friendly speech"[178][179] during which, when offered a bouquet by a young black woman, he accepted them,[180] thanked her and kissed her on the cheek. A Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan 'Grand Wizard' has been exhumed and moved from a park where a statue of him once stood in Memphis, Tennessee. After his bloody defeat at Franklin, Hood continued to Nashville. Under these laws enforced by Grant and the newly formed Department of Justice, there were over 5,000 indictments and 1,000 convictions of Klan members across the Southern United States. [81] What happened next became known as the Fort Pillow Massacre. [97] It was the Confederacy's publicly stated position that formerly enslaved people firing on whites would be killed on the spot, along with Southern whites that fought for the Union, whom the Confederacy considered traitors. RebelForrest.com | "Rebel Forrest" is a one-hour documentary on Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821-1877) and has been presented at film festivals in Knoxville. [31] He was known as a tireless rider in the saddle and a skilled swordsman. Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust.jpg 2,150 2,688; 2.22 MB. Report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War. Plan in Mississippi raises hackles", "Proposed Mississippi License Plate Would Honor Early KKK Leader", "Group Wants KKK Founder Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest on License Plate", "Haley Barbour Won't Denounce Proposal Honoring Confederate General, Early KKK Leader", "Bust of Civil War General Stirs Anger in Alabama", "Petition Against Selma's Ku Klux Klan Monument", "Mayor Wharton: Remove Nathan Bedford Forrest statue and body from park", "Nathan Bedford Forrest statue won't be relocated", "Tennessee House Punishes Memphis For Confederate Statue Removal", "Nathan Bedford Forrest's descendant: Move the bust from Tennessee's Capitol Featured letter", "Gov. [251][252] However, since that time, Governor Bill Lee's administration introduced a bill passed by the Tennessee legislature on June 10, 2020 which released the governor from the former requirement that he proclaim that observance each year and a spokesperson for Governor Lee confirmed that he would not be signing a Forrest Day proclamation in July 2020. 731-593-6445. A contemporary newspaper account from Jackson, Tennessee stated that "General Forrest begged them to surrender", but "not the first sign of surrender was ever given". [127][128], During the Virginius Affair of 1873, some of Forrest's old Confederate friends were filibusters aboard the vessel; consequently, he wrote a letter to the then General-in-Chief of the United States Army William T. Sherman and offered his services in case a war were to break out between the United States and Spain. "Preserve untarnished the reputation you have so nobly won". The Fourteenth addressed citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws for formerly enslaved people, while the Fifteenth specifically secured the voting rights of black men. "[167] Former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate, while Forrest's friend, Frank Blair, Jr. was nominated as the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Seymour's running mate. [209][210][211] In 2005, Shelby County Commissioner Walter Bailey started an effort to move the statue over Forrest's grave and rename Forrest Park. Forrest sent a full charge after the retreating army and captured 16 artillery pieces, 176 wagons, and 1,500 stands of small arms. [207] After several public forums and discussions, Westside High School was unanimously approved in January 2014 as the school's new name. If you read Eddy W. Davison's "Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma," on page 464 and 474-475, you can see that Forrest not only publicly disavowed the KKK and worked to terminate it, but in August 1874, Forrest "volunteered to help 'exterminate' those men responsible for the continued violence against the blacks." After the murder of four blacks by a lynch mob after they were . Our Confederate Ancestors: Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest and His Men in Action. [233], The site is now a Tennessee State Historic Park. [241] Barbour refused to denounce the honor. [99] President Abraham Lincoln asked his cabinet for opinions as to how the United States should respond to the massacre. [93] The rebels said the U.S. flag was still flying over the fort, which indicated that the force had not formally surrendered. 5.] A bust sculpted by Jane Baxendale is on display at the Tennessee State Capitol building in Nashville. Removing the bust of Nathan Bedford Forrest from the capitol would move us a step closer toward ensuring that the history we choose to celebrate and honor in our public spaces reflects respect and . The aphorism was addressed and corrected as "Ma'am, I got there first with the most men" by a New York Times story in 1918. [255] Sexton said that he believed the removal of the bust "aligns with the teaching of communism. [203] The bust of Forrest was stolen from the cemetery monument in March 2012 and replaced in May 2015. The list included the names of 7 officers and 219 white enlisted soldiers. Consequently, his role at Fort Pillow was a stigmatizing one for him the rest of his life, both professionally and personally,[229][230] and contributed to his business problems after the war. [85][86] The atrocities at Fort Pillow continued throughout the night. [13] Forrest's family lived in a log house (now preserved as the Nathan Bedford Forrest Boyhood Home) from 1830 to 1833. Biography: Historically, Nathan Bedford Forrest was a slave dealer before the Civil War, one of the Confederacy's most successful cavalry officers during the war, and a founder of the Ku Klux Klan after the war. [101], Because of the events at Fort Pillow, the U.S. public and press viewed Forrest as a war criminal. But there is more to the story than that. Nathan Bedford Forrest died in Memphis, Tennessee on October 29, 1877. 200. Birthday: July 13, 1821 ( Cancer) Born In: Bedford County, Tennessee, United States 24 18 Military Leaders #37 Leaders #221 Quick Facts Nick Name: Old Bed, Devil Forrest, Wizard of the Saddle Died At Age: 56 Family: father: William Forrest mother: Miriam Beck siblings: Colonel Jesse Forrest, John Cimprich Military Leaders American Men In 2013, Forrest Park in Memphis was renamed the Health Sciences Park amid substantial controversy. "[255], On June 3, 2021, the remains of Forrest and his wife were exhumed from their burial place in the park, where they had been for over a century, to be reburied in Columbia, Tennessee. Nathan Bedford Forrest. As soon as they received the U.S. reply, they moved forward at the command of a junior officer, and the U.S. forces opened fire. [53], A month later, Forrest was back in action at the Battle of Shiloh, fought April 67, 1862. All Previous Reports Fully Confirmed. [198] The Nathan Bedford Forrest Statue in Nashville was particularly notable for its idiosyncratic depiction of Forrest on horseback. His mother, Miriam, then married James Horatio Luxton, of Marshall, Texas, in 1843 and gave birth to four more children.[36]. In Georgia, blacks and Republicans also faced a lot of violence. [50], A few days after the Confederate surrender of Fort Donelson, with the fall of Nashville to U.S. forces imminent, Forrest took command of the city. When he expressed his opinion to one of General Forrest's granddaughters, she replied after a pause, "You know, we never thought much of Mr. Lincoln in my family". Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealth as a cotton plantation owner, horse, and cattle trader, real estate broker, and slave trader. [100], At the time of the massacre, General Grant was no longer in Tennessee but had transferred to the east to command all U.S. troops. Though Forrest had no prior formal military training or experience, he had exhibited leadership and soon proved he could successfully employ tactics. Colonel Stephen G. Hicks: "if I have to storm your works, you may expect no quarter." After serving as the president of the Selma, Marion and Memphis Railroad, he settled on managing a plantation manned by convict labour. Sister: Mildred Forrest (1831-1841) Brother: Bedford Forest (b. The Confederate States of America a slave narrator cites Nathan Bedford Forrest as the leader of a Confederate army that massacred hundreds of freed slaves in the North shortly after the Civil War, possibly an alternate reference to the Fort Pillow Massacre. The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest by Brian Steel Wills. [242], In 2000, a monument to Forrest was unveiled in Selma, Alabama. He did not say it that way, and nobody who knows anything about him imagines that he did.[226]. According to Richard L. Fuchs, "records concerning the fate of the black prisoners are either nonexistent or unreliable". [169] The Democratic Party platform denounced the Reconstruction Acts as unconstitutional, void, and revolutionary. Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis at the Battle of Brices Crossroads in northeastern Mississippi. [20][42], His superior officers and Governor of Tennessee Isham G. Harris were surprised that someone of Forrest's wealth and prominence had enlisted as a soldier, especially since significant planters were exempted from service. In the ensuing raids, he was pursued by thousands of U.S. soldiers trying to locate his fast-moving forces. Forrest probably organized a statewide Klan network in Georgia during these visits. 29.--Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest passed away in the Memphis home of his brother Jesse on October 29, 1877. In July 2021, Tennessee officials voted to move Forrest's bust from the State Capitol to the Tennessee State Museum. [170] The party advocated the termination of the Freedman's Bureau and any government policy designed to aid blacks in the Southern United States. Professions. On July 13, 1862, led them into the First Battle of Murfreesboro, as a result of which all of the U.S. units surrendered to Forrest. [214] A significant push to change its name failed on February 16, 2018, when the governor-controlled Tennessee Historical Commission denied Middle Tennessee State University's petition to rename Forrest Hall. Klansmen took their orders from their former Confederate officers. [13] His blacksmith father was of English descent, and most of his biographers state that his mother was of Scotch-Irish descent, but the Memphis Genealogical Society says that she was of English descent. Nathan Bedford Forest was a well-known confederate general and early leader of the Ku Klux Klan (Tilinghast 1). Hood ordered Forrest to conduct an independent raid against the Murfreesboro garrison. "[254] In 2021 Sexton voted against the removal of the bust of Forrest from the Tennessee State Capitol and into the Tennessee State Museum, but only one other legislator agreed with him, and the bust was removed. [103][104], S.C. Gwynne writes, "Forrest's responsibility for the massacre has been actively debated for a century and a half. "The New York Times proclaimed that if the votes in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana were certified in favor of Tilden, thus electing him over Hayes, the Northtwelve years following Appomattoxwould have lost the Civil War to the South: "it will be the sign of the subjugation of the nation by the . The ball went through Forrest's pelvis and lodged near his spine. Jack Hurst, another Forrest historian, described him as a physically imposing man for the time: He was more than 6 feet tall and weighed 180 pounds, Hurst wrote in "Nathan Bedford Forrest: A . [141][142] Brian Steel Wills quotes two KKK members who identified Forrest as a Klan leader. Forrest rarely drank and abstained from tobacco use; he was often described as generally mild-mannered, but according to Hosea and other contemporaries who knew him, his demeanor changed drastically when provoked or angered. As the oldest son,. Avoiding attack by never staying in one place long, Forrest eventually led his troops during the spring and summer of 1864 on raids into west Tennessee, as far north as the banks of the Ohio River in southwest Kentucky and into north Mississippi. Nathan Bedford Forrest Civil War Print, Gallery Of Gettysburg Brand New $6.40 endzonecards23 (2,459) 100% Was: $8.00 20% off or Best Offer +$5.00 shipping Sponsored General Nathan Bedford Forrest Framed Limited Edition Print "That Devil Forrest" Pre-Owned $350.00 lefor-4928 (0) 0% or Best Offer +$12.45 shipping Sponsored Forrest was known for his leadership of Confederate cavalry raiders during the war, leading them at the Fort Pillow massacre of 1864 and in numerous raids on Union supply lines. The effort was spearheaded by Take 'Em Down 901, an organization dedicated to removing Confederate iconography founded by activist Tami Sawyer. [227] Forrest's claim that the Fort Pillow massacre was an invention of U.S. reporters is contradicted by letters written by Confederate soldiers to their own families, which described extreme brutality on the part of Confederate troops. Army. Nathan Bedford Forrest. [90] Forrest's men were alleged to have set fire to a U.S. barracks with wounded U.S. Army soldiers inside[91][92] In defense of their actions, Forrest's men insisted that the U.S. soldiers, although fleeing, kept their weapons and frequently turned to shoot, forcing the Confederates to keep firing in self-defense. Amazon affiliate links: We may earn a small commission from purchases made from Amazon.com . [132], Forrest reportedly died from acute complications of diabetes at the Memphis home of his brother Jesse on October 29, 1877. Modern historians generally believe that Forrest's attack on Fort Pillow was a massacre, noting high casualty rates and the rebels targeting black soldiers. Bill Lee will no longer proclaim Nathan Bedford Forrest Day after legislature passes bill", "Memphis is digging up the remains of a Confederate general who led the early KKK", "Exclusive: Were General Nathan Bedford Forrest and his wife buried in Munford? [158] Author Andrew Ward, however, writes, "In the spring of 1867, Forrest and his dragoons launched a campaign of midnight parades; 'ghost' masquerades; and 'whipping' and even 'killing Negro voters and white Republicans, to scare blacks off voting and running for office'". [184][185], Just a few months before his death, Forrest attended an African-American barbecue in Memphis. [120] A portion of his command, now dismounted, was surprised and captured in their camp at Verona, Mississippi on December 25, 1864, during a raid of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad by a brigade of Brig. [231], Whether the massacre was premeditated or spontaneous does not address the more fundamental question of whether a massacre took place it certainly did, in every dictionary sense of the word. In April 1864, in what has been called "one of the bleakest, saddest events of American military history",[5] troops under Forrest's command at the Battle of Fort Pillow massacred hundreds of troops, composed of black soldiers and white Tennessean Southern Unionists fighting for the United States, who had already surrendered. [34][35] He also contracted the disease, but survived; his father recovered but died from residual effects of the disease five years later when Bedford was 16. [126], He later found employment at the Selma-based Marion & Memphis Railroad and eventually became the company president. He was a big, rough man, 6-foot-2-inches, over 200 pounds, during a time when . Teaching of communism company president to move Forrest 's bust from the cemetery monument in 2012! 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