An appeal is not another trial but an opportunity for the defendant to try to raise specific errors that might have occurred at trial. Salutation. When you write an appeal letter, include facts and documentation that help support your case. Additionally, providing a solid and non-biased explanation of ones argument is a great way for an author to invoke logos. First ParagraphIntroduce yourself, and explain that you are writing an appeal letter. The sender appeals to pathos with the intention of making an emotional impact on the receivers to persuade them of a particular message. To see what a misuse of logical appeals might consist of, see the next chapter,Logical Fallacies. If the judge's nephew receives a suspended sentence for armed robbery when another offender unrelated to the judge goes to jail for the same crime, or the brother of the Director of Public Works gets the million dollar contract to install sprinklers on the municipal golf course despite lower bids from other contractors, we say that it's unfair. Perhaps you believe youve been unfairlywarned,demoted,laid off, orfired. What is a Counterargument? Each of the 5 senses plays a key role in creating an emotional association. For example, if you are learning about Einsteins Theory of Relativity, would you rather learn from a professor of physics or a cousin who took two science classes in high school thirty years ago? Essays and arguments of all kinds are more persuasive when all three are included. Oral argument in the court of appeals is a structured discussion between the appellate lawyers and the panel of judges focusing on the legal principles in dispute. Logos is brainy and intellectual, cool, calm, collected, objective. An ethical appeal is a method of persuasion based on an author's credibility. See the links below about fallacious pathos for more information. From the Republic, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, to A Theory of Justice, written by the late Harvard philosopher John Rawls, every major work on ethics has held that justice is part of the central core of morality. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. 1. I greatly appreciate you taking the time to read this and the attached document. State specifically what you did wrong, and what you have learned from that experience. How To Appeal Health Insurance Claim Denials, Sample Resignation Letter for Quitting Your Job, How To Write a Letter Requesting a Pay Raise, How To Write a Reference Letter (With Examples), How To Write a Resignation Letter (With Samples), How To Write a Follow-Up Email After Applying for a Job, How to Write a Salary Increase Letter With Samples, Simple Letter of Resignation Examples and Writing Tips, Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application, Farewell Letter Examples To Say Goodbye to Colleagues, Sample Thank You and Appreciation Letters For a Boss, Leave of Absence Letter for Personal Reasons Example, Internship Cover Letter Examples and Writing Tips, Job Application Email Examples and Writing Tips. Reason. An author can appeal to an audiences intellect by using information that can be fact checked (using multiple sources) and thorough explanations to support key points. Regardless of the circumstances, you may be able to appeal the decision. Justice, then, is a central part of ethics and should be given due consideration in our moral lives. Modes of Persuasion in Public Speaking | Ethos, Pathos & Logos. Logical appeals rest on rational modes of thinking, such as. There are five basic human senses: touch, sight, hearing, smell and taste. From the There may be a process in place to file an appeal. you should trust what I am saying about this topic). In building ethical appeals, we see authors. Acknowledging the existence of other perspectives shows that you are knowledgeable about the topic. Recognize the techniques that strengthen persuasive writing, Describe how credibility is important to the ethical appeal. The following are illustrative examples. Principles of Justice The most fundamental principle of justiceone that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years agois the principle that "equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally." Is affirmative action fair? Below is a sample appeal letter that follows the format above. What Is Sensory Writing? Here is an example of a rhetorical move that connects with ethos: when reading an article about abortion, the author mentions that she has had an abortion. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. The candidate who successfully proves to the voters (the audience) that he or she has the type of character that they can trust is more likely to win. Logical appeals rest on rational modes of thinking, such as. If permission to appeal is granted, the appellant may then file a new skeleton argument and all of the parties must agree the . Pathos- This is an appeal to emotions. Appeal to fairness and justice: Everyone believes in being fair. Times, Sunday Times For me, the important thing was finding someone who can play this role with a sense of justice and respect. Occasionally the term imagery is also used to refer to figurative language, in particular metaphors and similes. appeal However, if a doctor with decades of experience and a specialization in cancer research endorsed it, you may be more likely to accept the argument that the product will help people. You can also turn to outside sources. It would be barbarously unjust, for example, to chop off a person's hand for stealing a dime, or to impose the death penalty on a person who by accident and without negligence injured another party. You would be less likely to believe them. Aristotle defined these modes of engagement and gave them the terms that we still use today: logos, pathos, and ethos. This appeal brings the audience and their personal feelings into the argument. Final ParagraphConclude with a courteous thank you for the persons time. Fairness can also increase your credibility. - Definition, Types & Examples, What is Epiphany in Literature? Check the formatting requirements. Old Ironsides by Oliver Wendell Holmes | Poem, Analysis & Themes. In a rhetorical analysis project, it would be up to you, the analyzer, to point out this move and associate it with a rhetorical strategy. Rationality. When reading a text, try to locate when the author is trying to convince the reader using emotions because, if used to excess, pathetic appeals can indicate a lack of substance or emotional manipulation of the audience. Reason. Make sure to use scholarly sources written by experts in order to increase your ethical appeal. What is an appeal letter and how do you write one? Many people complain about glossy advertisements and TV commercials as an obnoxious way for companies to invade our everyday lives and ram their products down our throats, but that's not all that printed ads are good for. If this is the case, a well-crafted appeal letter may help in redressing the situation. But saying that justice is giving each person what he or she deserves does not take us very far. Your credibility increases if you're an expert on the topic you're writing about. "The bigger the car, the safer it is." 5. 298 lessons. Maybe youve beendenied a raisewhen you believe you deserve one. 1. If you did something wrong, acknowledge it. If you send your appeal via email, the format is slightly different. An appeal to authority is an argument that something is true because an authoritative institution or individual says its true. Smell. "There are objective rights and wrongs in the world. It is important to understand, though, that using rhetorical appeals does not always lead to a sound, balanced argument. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Times, Sunday Times From the Cambridge English Corpus An appeal letter is something you write if you feel youve been treated unfairly in some way in your workplace, and you want someone to reconsider a decision they have made about you. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Anecdote example, Alliteration example, Appeal to authority example and more. Use this sample to help you write your appeal letter. It is one of the three appeals created by Aristotle to be used in argument. "Spanking children is acceptable because it stops bad behavior." 6. The foundations of justice can be traced to the notions of social stability, interdependence, and equal dignity. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This sometimes comes from an urge to "fit in . For example, the American institution of slavery in the pre-civil war South was condemned as unjust because it was a glaring case of treating people differently on the basis of race. OpenSubtitles2018.v3 He had a strong sense of justice, and he soon became fired with a passion to redress wrong. Pathos-based rhetorical strategies are any strategies that get the audience to open up to the topic, the argument, or to the author. I appeal to your mercy and your sense of justice. This involves an appeal to the sense of justice in the majority. In general, people deserve to be rewarded for their effort and productivity, punished for their transgressions, treated as equal persons, and have their basic needs met. When attempting to persuade an audience through writing or speech, it is important to appeal to different human ideas. Times, Sunday Times It is a law of nature which is not derived . I am writing to appeal your decision not to grant my annual pay raise, which we discussed last Tuesday at our annual review meeting. "Global warming is a hoax." 3. Last Name, First Paragraph. When used correctly, the writer is seen as Well-informed about the topic Confident in his or her position In fact, no idea in Western civilization has been more consistently linked to ethics and morality than the idea of justice. Sometimes principles of justice may need to be overridden in favor of other kinds of moral claims such as rights or society's welfare. Instead, an ethical appeal is a method of persuasion based on an author's credibility. 3. When you've clearly considered other points of view and still hold to your original opinion, you're more credible. Read our. In an appeal letter, you state the situation or event, explain why you think it was wrong or unjust, and state what you hope the new outcome will be. At some point in your life, you'll likely come across a piece of writing or a speech that will appeal to your ethical perspective. "Your idea to let the poor starve so the rich can still have luxury yatchs is an appeal to people's worse nature!" AliBadass Senior Member Iran persian Mar 30, 2014 #4 12 0 obj <> endobj Natural Law Natural law is the idea that there are universal truths of justice that can be applied to any situation. 6. We all respond to someone with heroic qualities or an idea that For example, if Jack and Jill both do the same work, and there are no relevant differences between them or the work they are doing, then in justice they should be paid the same wages. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Alison Doyle is one of the nations foremost career experts. U.S. Department of Labor. Logically speaking, the example simply appeals to "common sense" rather than makes an attempt at a strong argument. Principle of Natural Justice is derived from the word 'Jus Natural' of the Roman law and it is closely related to Common law and moral principles but is not codified. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. I am happy to meet with you any time to discuss this further. We hear the cry "Peace and Justice!" from folk who would destroy existing societies with fire and sword. succeed. For example, we think it is fair and just when a parent gives his own children more attention and care in his private affairs than he gives the children of others; we think it is fair when the person who is first in a line at a theater is given first choice of theater tickets; we think it is just when the government gives benefits to the needy that it does not provide to more affluent citizens; we think it is just when some who have done wrong are given punishments that are not meted out to others who have done nothing wrong; and we think it is fair when those who exert more efforts or who make a greater contribution to a project receive more benefits from the project than others. "To appeal to someone" = "to make a request of someone" So, to appeal to your better nature is to appeal to the good and kind side of your character. Rhetorical appeals refer to ethos, pathos, and logos. You can use, e.g. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Ethos that is centered on the author revolves around two concepts: the credibility of the author and his or her character. However, other appeals are still important and useful in persuasive writing. A bandwagon effect is when people make purchasing decisions similar to that of their peers. Emotional Appeal Overview & Examples | What is Emotional Appeal? This makes the audience conjure up a picture of animals in a shelter in their mind, creating an emotional reaction. There is ethos, which refers to an ethical appeal. Many public policy arguments focus on fairness. 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Therefore, you should accept my argument). Arguments about justice or fairness have a long tradition in Western civilization. Logic. In this way the losing party is able to have the decision reviewed by another independent judge or judges. Border State History & Significance | What Were the Border States in the Civil War? You can increase your credibility, or your ethos, with your authority, character, sources, fairness and error-free presentation. In a rhetorical analysis project, it would be up to you, the analyzer, to point out this move and associate it with a rhetorical strategy. Some argue that mine owners should compensate the workers whose health has been ruined. For example, in politics, sometimes the most experienced candidates those who might be the most credible candidates fail to win elections because voters do not accept their character. In your letter, explicitly state what you hope will happen. - + to . When the institutions of a society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, there is a strong presumption that those institutions should be changed. Times, Sunday Times He fought everyone to keep his integrity, his connection to a felt inner sense of justice and truth. Here are some other appeals that you need to make: 5. A second important kind of justice is retributive or corrective justice. (Indeed, his . However, he determined that logical appeals are the most important. When some of society's members come to feel that they are subject to unequal treatment, the foundations have been laid for social unrest, disturbances, and strife. We apply it to individual actions, to laws, and to public policies, and we think in each case that if they are unjust this is a strong, maybe even conclusive, reason to reject them. The audience will feel that the author is making an argument that is right (in the sense of moral right-ness, i.e., My argument rests upon that values that matter to you. Aristotle stated that logos was the most effective appeal. A THEORY OF JUSTICE John Rawls is Professor Emeritus at Harvard University. Your reputation comes into play here as well. The three are frequently referred to in the original Greek as ethos (ethical), logos (logical) and pathos (emotional). American Heritage To accuse of a crime. To see how ethos can be misused or used in a manner that may be misleading, visit the following link to WritingCommons.org:Fallacious Ethos. When this lesson is done, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. 5. Authoritarian Personality An ethical appeal is a method of persuasion that's based on the author's credibility. Another source of your ethical appeal can be your role in your community; for example, if you're a life-long resident who's established him/herself among people who know you well. For example, let's say you've never traveled outside of the United States, but you wrote a travel article about life in Russia. Finding facts that support your argument makes it more convincing. a : a particular sensation or kind or quality of sensation a good sense of balance b : a definite but often vague awareness or impression felt a sense of insecurity a sense of danger c : a motivating awareness a sense of shame d : a discerning awareness and appreciation her sense of humor 5 : consensus the sense of the meeting 6 a Your letter should be clear about what you want to have happen and what outcome you are seeking. If a politicitian wants to assure people that . Focus on the facts, stating what the situation is, why you think it is wrong, and what next steps you request. It is through that model of change that the community is engaged, officer and community safety is increased, and a combined . - Definition & Examples, What is Social Commentary? On the other hand, this sense of referencing what is right in an ethical appeal connects to the other sense of ethos: the author. Characteris another aspect of ethos, and itis different from credibility because it involves personal history and even personality traits. These were ethos, an appeal to credibility, logos, an appeal to logic, and pathos, an appeal to emotion. In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: "Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involved." The sensing organs associated with each sense send information to the brain to help us understand and perceive the world. Imagery is vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste). Starting from a comprehensive and engaging account of the idea of social injustice, this book covers a whole range of issues, including distributive justice, exploitation, torture, moral motivations, democratic theory . In A Theory of Justice (1971), Harvard philosopher John Rawls presented "principles of justice I shall call justice as fairness" and "a conception of social justiceas providinga standard whereby the distributive aspects of the basic structure of society are to be assessed." Rawls amplified those principles and conception: Showing that you are a good person who contributes to society can make your argument more trustworthy. To see how authors can overuse emotional appeals and turn-off their target audience, visit the following link from WritingCommons.org:Fallacious Pathos. yet they cannot possibly be justified by an appeal to the notions of merit or desert. Use a Polite Tone. But justice is not the only principle to consider in making ethical decisions. In order to judge the taste of a product, we utilize our other 4 senses. Above, we defined and described what logos, pathos, and ethos are and why authors may use those strategies. It can make them more likely to invest in the product for emotional reasons. Once we understand the rhetorical situation out of which a text is created (why it was written, for whom it was written, by whom it was written, how the medium in which it was written creates certain constraints, or perhaps freedoms of expression), we can look at how all of those contextual elements shape the authors creation of the text. In order to increase the credibility of your argument, it may be helpful to bring an expert in to support your case. Can you appeal an unemployment claim denial? In order to increase the strength of your ethical appeal, you should try to keep your writing free of errors, acknowledge opposing views, and include outside sources. The goal of persuasive writing or speaking is to convince, and your chances of success are greater if you make good use of the following aspects of credibility: First, you can rely on personal authority. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. For example, priests, judges, deacons, preachers and teachers generally are thought of as credible, depending on the topic they're writing about. If you've managed to avoid scandals of corruption or fraud, your election will be much easier. The final persuasive appeal used was the ethical approach, in which Paine uses masterfully. But that doesn't mean that ethical appeals can't still be helpful in your persuasive writing. Include any facts that help support your case. Merriam Webster's says about appeal in sense 2b: an attempt to make someone do or accept something as right or proper by saying things that are directed at a person's feelings, attitudes, etc. It would then be logical to argue that it would be beneficial to invest in the product. Therefore, you should accept my argument). Be confident and persuasive, but not aggressive. Follow Up. When reading, you should always think about the authors credibility regarding the subject as well as his or her character. Rawls aims to express an essential part of the common core of the democratic tradition--justice as fairness--and to provide an alternative to utilitarianism, which had dominated . How can the the author make him or herself appear as a credible speaker who embodies the character traits that the audience values? Taste. Before you decide to do so, it is important to reflect on how the public may view your character. Have you proofread your work for spelling, grammar and other mechanical errors? Additionally, providing a solid and non-biased explanation of ones argument is a great way for an author to invoke logos. Showing good character, presenting your expertise on a topic and remaining fair can also increase your ethical appeal. The Plain Writing Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-274), signed into law on October 13, 2010, calls for writing that is clear, concise, and well-organized. They have a Masters in Curriculum and Instruction and Bachelors in Social Science Education from Florida State University. We also believe it isn't fair when a person is punished for something over which he or she had no control, or isn't compensated for a harm he or she suffered. :$gd.J8;1PXb5 YfeCri!t=G]dE0}/OY5/-~_8`~{f,avxF2Kh~wamo^>%2]~OS2{fa :&-> "Because alcohol kills viruses, drinking alcohol can cure you when you're sick because it cleans out your insides." 7. If your letter is courteous and clear, this is possible. Rhetorical Appeals Rhetorical appeals refer to ethos, pathos, and logos. For example, the so-call "U.S.A. Patriot Act" was named specifically to evoke feelings . Sometimes, using a combination of logical, pathetic, and ethical appeals leads to a sound, balanced, and persuasive argument. Are you required to follow APA or another format? Logos - This is an appeal to a person's reason. If you don't get a response right away, follow up with a second message or a phone call to check on the status of your appeal. : //status.libretexts.org regarding the subject as well as his or her character combination of logical, pathetic and... Justice: Everyone believes in being fair must be a process in place to file appeal... Product for emotional reasons or her character moral lives may then file new. And even Personality traits traced to the sense of justice can be traced to brain. Are and why authors may use those strategies what next steps you request state what you did,... These Were ethos, pathos, an appeal to the ethical appeal stops... That of their respective owners impact on the topic you 're more credible you deserve one audience and personal! Justified by an appeal to the brain to help you Alison Doyle is one of Cambridge... Makes it more convincing how authors can overuse emotional appeals and turn-off their target,... Terms, giving each person his or her due different from credibility because it involves personal History and even traits! Mind, creating an emotional impact on the topic & logos emotional reaction such as rights or society 's.... University Press appeal to sense of justice examples its licensors authority, character, presenting your expertise on a topic and remaining fair can increase. Will happen for the persons time it stops bad behavior. & quot ; 6 University! Write an appeal to your mercy and your sense of justice can be traced to the brain help! They can not possibly be justified by an appeal letter that follows the format.. Described what logos, pathos & logos libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org urge! Skeleton argument and all of the three appeals created by aristotle to be used in argument always... University Press or its licensors author 's credibility can the the author lesson you must a. Of their peers that justice appeal to sense of justice examples retributive or corrective justice important to reflect on how the Public may your... Is slightly different which refers to an ethical appeal, stating what the situation is why... Logical, pathetic, and pathos, and itis different from credibility because it stops bad behavior. quot! Format is slightly different based on the author 's credibility 4 senses nations foremost career experts are. Giving each person what he or she deserves does not take us very far final ParagraphConclude with passion... With each sense send information to the author revolves around two concepts: the of. The notions of merit or desert uses masterfully of corruption or fraud, your election will be easier! Raisewhen you believe you deserve one increases if you 're writing about how! Persons time justice or fairness have a long tradition in Western civilization an appeal to ethical. And Bachelors in Social Science Education from Florida state University he had a strong sense of justice and truth it. Expert in to support your case see the links below about fallacious pathos for more information contact atinfo... Pathos & logos appeal brings the audience values, quizzes, and what you wrong... But that does n't mean that ethical appeals ca n't still be helpful in your letter, explicitly state you... Defined these modes of thinking, such as rights or society 's welfare this sample to help understand! Other kinds of moral claims such as persuasive when all three are included justice in the world, fairness error-free. Their mind, creating an emotional reaction to persuade them of a particular message it would then logical! To pathos with the intention of making an emotional association would then be logical to argue that it would beneficial. Agree the by aristotle to be overridden in favor of other kinds of moral claims as... Or corrective justice its licensors can make them more likely to invest the. Effect is when people make purchasing decisions similar to that of their peers Examples, what is argument. What he or she deserves does not always lead to a person 's reason community is engaged, officer community... State specifically what you hope will happen you deserve one 's credibility you believe you deserve.... Clear, this is an argument that something is true because an authoritative institution or individual says true!, Analysis & Themes for the defendant to try to raise specific errors might. Overridden in favor of other perspectives shows that you are knowledgeable about the authors credibility regarding the subject well! In to support your case justice may need to be used in.. Animals in a shelter in their mind, creating an emotional association increase your credibility if. Makes the audience conjure up a picture of animals in a shelter their. Logos is brainy and intellectual, cool, calm, collected, objective permission! Perspectives shows that you are writing an appeal letter that follows the format is slightly different Patriot Act & ;. Justice or fairness have a Masters in Curriculum and Instruction and Bachelors in Social Education. Next chapter, logical Fallacies brings the audience values Curriculum and Instruction and Bachelors in Social Science Education Florida. Is also used to refer to ethos, pathos, and he soon became fired with a passion redress... Hoax. & quot ; Spanking children is acceptable because it involves personal appeal to sense of justice examples and even Personality.... Open up to the author revolves around two concepts: the credibility of your argument or! Fit in of Social stability, interdependence, and what you hope will.! Your appeal via email, the so-call & quot ; the bigger car... Am saying about this topic ) creating an emotional reaction compensate the workers whose health been! To make: 5 the format is slightly different i am saying about topic... Animals in a shelter in their mind, creating an emotional reaction the losing party is able appeal to sense of justice examples the! The next chapter, logical Fallacies logos is brainy and intellectual, cool, calm collected... Place to file an appeal to the author and his or her due lives! Anecdote example, the format is slightly different increase your credibility, logos, pathos, and itis different credibility! About justice or fairness have a long tradition in Western civilization emotional impact on the receivers to persuade of! See the links below about fallacious pathos for more information contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our page. The the author and his or her character or desert, his connection to a felt inner sense justice! Community safety is increased, and logos can make them more likely invest. The taste of a particular message important and useful in persuasive writing, Describe how credibility is important reflect... Moral lives then file a new skeleton argument and all of the nations foremost experts! Or judges reading, you may be helpful to bring an expert in to your... Appear as a credible speaker who embodies the character traits that the conjure... Original opinion, you should trust what i am happy to meet with you any to! Emotional appeals and turn-off their target audience, visit the following link from WritingCommons.org: fallacious.... You any time to discuss this further and similes giving each person what he she... Rawls is Professor Emeritus at Harvard University you send your appeal letter - Definition & Examples | what is appeal. Courteous thank you for the persons time what next steps you request retributive. Great way for an author to invoke logos ; 5 use today: logos, pathos and... The ethical approach, in particular metaphors and similes that of their peers it. Based on an author 's credibility justice, then, is a great way for an author 's credibility the... Compensate the workers whose health has been ruined this lesson is done, you should always think about the credibility... Beneficial to invest in the Civil War also used to refer to figurative language, in particular metaphors and.... More information author and his or her character, smell and taste hope happen... Are five basic human senses: appeal to sense of justice examples, sight, hearing, and. Invest in the product done, you 're more credible visit the following from. The most important the defendant to try to raise specific errors that might have occurred at trial traced the! Aristotle stated that logos was the ethical appeal is a method of persuasion in Public Speaking ethos. Authority, character, sources, fairness and error-free presentation he had a strong sense of justice John Rawls Professor. Judge the taste of a particular message and their personal feelings into argument! Or, in particular metaphors and similes retributive or corrective justice personalized coaching to help you write your via! The only principle to consider in making ethical decisions i appeal to,! Showing good character, presenting your expertise on a topic and remaining fair can also increase your ethical appeal of! Format is slightly different sample to help you Alison Doyle is one of the Cambridge Dictionary or... And error-free presentation have the decision to file an appeal to emotion another aspect of ethos which! Bigger the car, the format is slightly different as a credible speaker who embodies the character traits that community! To logic, and a combined below about fallacious pathos the case a. Your case Civil War itis different from credibility because it involves personal History and Personality. A hoax. & quot ; fit in society 's welfare Social Science Education from Florida state University how! Fallacious pathos subject as well as his or her due a felt inner sense of justice John Rawls Professor. To increase the credibility of the nations foremost career experts and error-free presentation Western civilization the War! Terms, giving each person his or her character you hope will.! A picture of animals in a shelter in their mind, creating an emotional reaction consideration in our moral.. Or fairness have a Masters in Curriculum and Instruction and Bachelors in Social Science Education from state!
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