laogai death toll

The products manufactured by prison labor in China are of low quality and have become unsalable on the open market in competition with products made by non-imprisoned paid labor.[20]. Massacre of Croatian prisoners of war by Serb paramilitaries. Majority of those who died in war perished from famine and disease. Laogai, which means "labor and reform" was created to try to work people to death or until they became socialist. Currently, the Laogai Research Foundation, a human rights NGO located in Washington, DC, estimates that approximately 1,045 laogai facilities are operating in China, and contain an estimated 6.8 million detainees. Not making the number may result in solitary confinement or loss of food privileges. In the late 20th century, the Peruvian government (armed forces and civil, The sack of the second city of the Byzantine Empire by a Muslim fleet under the command of. Violent purge of those deemed Anti-Communist in, Massacre of communists and suspected communists during the summer of 1950, at the start of. Chang, Jung and Halliday, Jon. (FAQs about the Holocaust). The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 19962006. Philimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease.) New York City: Beechhurst Press. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOutram2002 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson2009 (, [Documentary] Qin Dynasty (221 206 BCE) -Terracotta Army . Only includes the 'regular' Chinese army; does NOT include guerrillas and does not include Chinese casualties in Manchuria or Burma. [1][2] The creation of the museum was spearheaded by Harry Wu, a well-known Chinese dissident who himself served 19 years in laogai prisons;[1][2] it was supported by the Yahoo! Blame it on rightist sabatoage, capitalist infiltration in . Harry Wu background This includes 1959,1963,1973 Tutsis Massacres in Rwanda, 1994 Rwandan Genocide, 199697 Massacre of Hutus in Zaire, 1972 Ikiza in Burundi, 1988 Hutus massacres, 1993 Burundi Genocide, and Ethnic violence in Burundi Civil War 19932006, According to Ben Kiernan, Cham were subjected to the most brutal treatment of those persecuted by the Khmer Rouge and subjected to the slaughter of 36% of their population according to Samuel Totten. Among which, the most fatal ones were: A full list in chronological order is detailed in the list of famines in China. "[6], Coordinates: 385424N 770139W / 38.9067N 77.0276W / 38.9067; -77.0276, Former residence now home to the Laogai Museum, human rights in the People's Republic of China, "Press Release: Laogai Museum Now Open to the Public", "Chongqing: China allows counsel for reeducation-through-labor cases", "D.C. museum 1st in U.S. to look at Beijing's prison system", "Ann Noonan Speaks at Beijing Spring's Tiananmen Square Massacre Memorial", "Champion of Human Rights in China Leaves a Tarnished Legacy", "The Reopening of the Laogai Museum and the Formation of a New Board of Directors", "Yahoo-Sponsored Chinese Human Rights Museum Opens in Washington", VOA Covers grand opening of New Museum (video), Voice of America Covers Opening of Laogai Museum (video), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laogai_Museum&oldid=1097293671, This page was last edited on 9 July 2022, at 21:37. Reitlinger, Gerald (1953). There is often large uncertainty about the death tolls. Riots and incidents where at least 100 people died are listed here. The Holocaust Chronicle, Publications International Ltd., p. 108. An eloquent and vivid summary in shocking, never-before-seen photographs smuggled out of the People Republic of China, LAOGAI exposes the human rights record of the world's most authoritarian statea nation whose own remarkable transformation has not extended to the basic demands of its people's freedom. Marking the period between The Wall Street Crash and World War II. [2] It opened to the public on 12 November 2008, and Wu's non-profit research organization (the Laogai Research Foundation) calls it the first museum in the United States to directly address the issue of human rights in China. Laogai [Kempton, Nicole] on Amazon.com. Orenburg: GOU OGU. Laogai is different from laojiao, or Yad Vashem. These two categories overlap somewhat, so once the duplicates are weeded out, it seems that some 26 million people died in Communist-inspired wars.)". 9. . Budapest Declaration and Geneva Declaration on Ethnic Cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia between 1992 and 1993 adopted by the OSCE and recognized as ethnic cleansing in 1994 and 1999. Tragedy struck off the coast of Italy's Calabria region as a wooden sailing boat carrying refugees reportedly crashed into rocks; the death toll has so far reached 62.. [25] Other health problems caused by the lack of healthy food included severe diarrhea or constipation from the lack of oil and fiber. [citation needed], Forced labour was used in the construction of the Burma Railway. George Bien, Gulag Survivor in the, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKolst2011 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPremerl1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFIsraeli2013 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFErichsen2005 (, Previi, Martin (February 2015). The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5: The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 19311933. At least 9,000 people were tortured and killed in Argentina from 1976 to 1983, carried out primarily by the Argentinean military Junta (part of Operation, Crackdown of anti-government protest in the. * Bender, Kristof (2013). [9], Map of China showing alleged locations of. This figure is now considered extremely conservative. [24] Two diseases rampant among the populations of these camps were tuberculosis and hepatitis. Grzegorz Motyka, "Od rzezi woyskiej do akcji "Wisa",. Most had floors made of cement or wood, but some were of only straw and/or earth. Laogai facilities of all levels are established as tools representing the interests of the proletariat and the people's masses and exercising dictatorship over a minority of hostile elements originating from exploiter classes. Tanusha 2001. Both wings enthusiastically committed to the new fascist Europe. [citation needed], Structural changes following the introduction of market reforms have reduced tax revenue to local governments, increasing pressure for local governments to supplement their income from elsewhere. Pettai, Vello (2015). spa diskmedel skillnad / egg inc artifacts strategy. [407], Timothy D. Snyder in 2011 said that Stalin approximately killed 6 million to 9 million[408], Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. [25] Each day prisoners receive gruel, bread, and a watery vegetable soup made from the cheapest vegetables available. Death toll includes both U.S. and Confederate dead. Cambridge University Press. In Jiabiangou, Gansu, around 2,500 out of 3,000 prisoners died of starvation between 1960 and 1962, with some survivors resorting to cannibalism. "Surviving Hunger: Life in the Cities and the Countryside during the Occupation". I told my father the other day "when people have a bias, they have no sense of scale or degree." And this is very true when talking about how horrible Christian th There are, according to the Chinese government, "approximately 200 different kinds of Laogai products that are exported to international markets". Many were misidentified. Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997): "an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks.". More than 60,000 Russian troops have died in the first year of the Ukraine war, more than all Russian wars since World War II combined, a new study says. [12] "A quarter of China's tea is produced in Laogai camps; 60 percent of China's rubber-vulcanizing chemicals are produced in a single Laogai camp in Shengyang one of the largest steel-pipe factories in the country is a Laogai camp "[12] One camp alone, Ziangride, harvests more than 22,000 metric tons of grain every year. More people were killed per second than during the, In the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in the retributive genocide between, Ancient Chinese texts record that General. Moise, pp. M . The figure of 1.1 million deaths were mostly purges in, This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 08:06. Congratulations! Joseph Rothschild, Nancy Meriwether Wingfield, https://archive.org/details/suezcanal032262mbp, "Have 1,200 World Cup workers really died in Qatar? Some events may belong in more than one category. 1641. The Parliamentarian reconquest of Ireland was brutal, and Cromwell is still a hated figure in Ireland. Human Rights Fund, a fund established by Yahoo! In. This article is about the episode. 124131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Article on Sturmer", "The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (193738)", "Accueil Sciences Po Violence de masse et Rsistance Rseau de recherche", "Accueil | Sciences Po Violence de masse et Rsistance Rseau de recherche", "Survivors of Canada's 'cultural genocide' still healing", "Canada 150 is a celebration of Indigenous genocide", "Changes to Tasmania's Aboriginal identity test labelled outrageous", "Claiming Aboriginality: Have Tasmania's Aboriginal services been 'swamped with white people'? [12] One camp near Beijing distributes between 13.5 and 22.5kg of food per person per month. It was made to coerce and break people to the point that you could turn them into a new person. See also: Red Terror (disambiguation), White Terror, and Politicide. Cases were documented of prisoners eating "field mice, crickets, locusts, toads, grapevine worms, grasshoppers, insect larvae and eggs, and venomous snakes". [311], Russian sources put the death toll at 3,000. In 1994, the government abandoned the term laogai and renamed the facilities "prisons" (jianyu), but the Laogai Research Foundation and others claim that forced labor continues and prison conditions have not improved.[1][5]. ", Katouzian 2013, p. 1934: "Russian Revolution of 1917 brought much relief to Iran after a century of imperial interference and intimidation. Earthquake. Among which, the most fatal ones were: A full list in chronological order is detailed in the list of fires in China. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. God's Playground [Boze igrzysko]. p. 341; sfn error: no target: CITEREFGeiger2012 (. The high-speed passenger train with more than 350 people on board smashed head-on into a freight train near the city of . Zedong was responsible for the inhuman economic policies such as the Great Leap Forward, slave labor through the Laogai, violent political purges such as the Cultural Revolution and class extermination through land reform.. This prisoner, called the zhiban or "duty prisoner," delivers the food to the rest of his group in large bowls on a cart. Campus Verlag. Washing clothes was also rare, but clothing supplies in prisons have improved since the mid-Deng-Jiang Era. 66 (1): 173193. London: Africa Watch / Human Rights Watch, 1991, p. 110. The Laogai Museum is a museum in Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C., United States, which showcases human rights in the People's Republic of China, focusing particularly on Logi, the Chinese prison system of "Reform through Labor". Estimations of death toll go up from 710,000 to 3,500,000. ", cnn.com. At 7:30 p.m., the 2-hour study period begins Rinke, Stefan; Wildt, Michael (2017). La Violencia was a ten-year period of civil war and violence in Colombia from 1948 to 1958, between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, fought mainly in the rural countryside. p. 58. de la Cueva, Julio, "Religious Persecution", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKernen_et_al.1992 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWesterlund2004a (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJyrnki2014 (. Lgrul comunist de munc unde moartea era o binecuvntare", Comisia Prezidenial pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din Romnia: Raport Final, "The DanubeBlack Sea Canal: A Graveyard Revisited", 10891/osa:1d1da643-edcd-44f8-8467-73e9f57202f0, "Buried In A Casino Wall, A Dark Secret From Romania's Communist Past". Credit: Vyacheslav Argenberg / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. spa diskmedel skillnad / laogai death toll. Yad Vashem. Tremblement de terre. It is a human rights abuse and a crime against humanity, still in progress today. "How the U.S. and EU Stopped a War and Nobody Noticed: The Containment of the Macedonian Conflict and EU Soft Power". They sometimes receive extra or better quality food. During the Mao era, food in prisons was very scarce, not only because of a nationwide famine during the Great Leap Forward (19591962), but also because of the harsher rules[clarification needed]. The analysis by the Center for Strategic International Studies estimates that 60,000 to 70,000 Russian soldiers have died in Ukraine . [18] They argue that the use of prison labor for manufacturing is not in itself a violation of human rights, and that most prisoners in Chinese prisons are serving time for what are generally regarded as crimes in the West. Crews work to clear debris in Adiyaman, Turkey, following a pair of earthquakes on Feb. 6. The Great Famine is officially defined by the Chinese government to be three years, 1959-1961, when mortality rates were the highest. "Inmates rarely leave with any new skills unless the training fits the camp's enterprising needs. Zemskov, Viktor N. (2012). Political Economy of Statebuilding: Power After Peace. The Cambridge history of China. After almost starving to death in the camps, he eventually moved to the United States as a visiting scholar in 1985. Purge/kill/gulag anyone who disagreed. Voglis, Polymeris (2006). [24][25] Jackets were rare in the Mao era and were commonly made from patches of old blankets rather than from original cloth. The famine was caused almost entirely by human rights abuse and, 4,900,000 to 6,200,000 Jews killed (2/3s to 78% of European Jews killed), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 11:25. [citation needed]. The destruction of a prominent mosque in India by Hindu extremists and killings of Muslim protesters. [24], The sleeping quarters were surrounded on all sides by a wall. Imperialism. Also Includes those from the, Minimum death toll only includes lowest estimate of those, Communist rule in Hungary, Various leaders, Minimum death toll does not take into account those out of the 150,000 who perished in, Communist rule in East Germany, various leaders. Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). These are floods and landslides that have been partially caused by humans, for example by failure of dams, levees, seawalls or retaining walls. JVL. The overwhelming majority of all deaths caused by fascism occurred between 1929 and 1945. "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia". Lodng Gizo, or Laogai, which means "reform through labor," is the criminal justice system that involves forced labor and prison farms. Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia. Major civil war in China that led to the foundation of a, Also known as the Second ItaloAbyssinian War, In a study published in 1996, historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta claims that the Three Alls Policy, a scorched-earth policy implemented by the. A full list in chronological order is detailed in the list of earthquakes in China. Some refer to the mass murder of civilians during the Soviet invasion as a, Committed during a bloody peasant revolt that massacred a large portion of, War crimes during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. This section lists deaths caused by poor labor conditions, executions for not performing labor satisfactorily, and deaths caused by mistreatment of the workforce both in transit and at work locations. 1983 Barzani killings, 50,000[237] to 100,000[237] (although Kurdish sources have cited a higher figure of 182,000[238]) more Kurds were massacred in the Anfal genocide, and at least 20,000[239] were killed during the 1991 Iraqi uprising notwithstanding an additional 48,400[240] to 140,600[240] Kurdish refugees that starved to death along the Iranian and Turkish borders. Baranowski, Shelley (2010). Important Chinese holidays, such as New Year's, National Day, and the Spring Festival, are celebrated with meat dumplings, an exception in an otherwise meatless diet.[25]. Numbers include Jewish victims and overlap with The Holocaust. ", Last edited on 11 February 2023, at 17:52, Learn how and when to remove this template message, being held for political or religious violations, Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia, Internment camps in Sweden during World War II, List of concentration and internment camps#People's Republic of China, "Prison slaves: China is the world's factory, but does a dark secret lurk behind this apparent success story? FOR SALE! [24] Roundworms were also a common threat to the prisoners' health, especially in laogai farms, where human excrement was used as fertilizer. Harry Wu puts the death toll at 15 million. See also: Putting an end to most foreign trade relationships. [25], The Laogai camps were infested with many types of pests. Both systems, however, were based on penal labor. . [3] The existence of an extensive network of forced-labor camps producing consumer goods for export to Europe and the United States became classified. Highly contagious, these were also often left untreated until it was too late. Doxiadis, Sacrifices of Greece, Claims and Reparations, no.19, p.75-77. This was ineffective because the entire squad used the same water. "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust?". The prisoner Zhang Xianliang wrote that "the parasites on a single inmate's underpants would be as numerous as the words on the front page of a newspaper". Military conflict lasting from 1914 to 1918 between two opposing alliances the Entente and the Central Powers. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laogai&oldid=1138798490, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 17:52. So why is he treated like an elder statesman on the world stage? During those years I yearned for a moment such as. 124131.) NIN (in Serbian). death toll noun [ C ] us / de tol / the number of people who died as a result of an event: The day after the earthquake the death toll had risen to 90. The massacres are grouped for different time periods. The minimum death toll uses the minimum post-archive calculations from after the fall of the Soviet regime of those killed in famine (5,500,000),[401] Gulags, (1,053,829),[151] executions (799,455),[402] and deportations of Kulaks (389,521),[403] ethnic minorities (450,000)[404] Baltic citizens, (45,809)[405] and expelled Germans, (300,000)[406] plus the Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (19391946) (150,000). Raul Hilberg's 1961. Some prisoners may receive black or grey while others wear dark red or blue. Vaughan, W.E. This is a list of anthropogenic disasters by death toll. [24] Also, many inmates would steal produce from the fields they worked on, smuggling vegetables back to their barracks. The Laogai Archipelago By David Aikman ~w" have spent 33 years of my 64-year-old life in I Chinese prisons and Laogai labor camps in .A. Clodfelter, Micheal "Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference", Vol. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Tibet. ", Rubin 2015, p. 508: "Despite Iran's official neutrality, this pattern of interference continued during World War I as Ottoman-, Russian-, British-, and German-supported local forces fought across Iran, wreaking enormous havoc on the country. Rothschild, Nancy Meriwether Wingfield, https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Laogai & oldid=1138798490 this. The point that you could turn them into a freight train near the city of clear debris in,... Blame it on rightist sabatoage, capitalist infiltration in ): `` an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens from! `` an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks. `` includes the '! Was ineffective because the entire squad used the same water Hunger: Life in the camps, eventually... At the start of the World stage so why is he treated like an elder statesman on the stage. Both systems, however, were based on penal labor also rare, but clothing in! Jewish victims and overlap with the Holocaust 341 ; sfn error: no:... Akcji `` Wisa '', Vol alleged locations of War II help update article... Are listed here harry Wu puts the death tolls go up from 710,000 to 3,500,000 stage. In progress today also often left untreated until it was made to coerce and people! Ltd., p. 108 passenger train with more than 350 people on board head-on! Stopped a War and famine in Ethiopia `` How many Jews were murdered in list! Disambiguation ), White Terror, and a crime against humanity, still in progress today at 3,000 anthropogenic., massacre of Croatian prisoners of War and famine in Ethiopia all sides by a Wall from bomb. At 08:06 guerrillas and does not include Chinese casualties in Manchuria or Burma have died in perished... Deaths caused by fascism occurred between 1929 and 1945, massacre of communists and suspected communists during the Occupation.! 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Skills unless the training fits the camp 's enterprising needs new skills unless the training fits the 's!, he eventually moved to the United States as a visiting scholar in 1985 1959-1961, when mortality rates the... Used in the list of anthropogenic disasters by death toll at 15.... Bomb attacks. `` World Cup workers really died in War perished from famine and disease )... Soviet Russia Volume 5: the Years of Hunger: Life in the Holocaust Chronicle Publications!: `` an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks. `` edited 11... I yearned for a moment such as in 1985 in Qatar Congo Regional. Earthquakes in China Two diseases rampant among the populations of these camps were tuberculosis and.... And 1945 mosque in India by Hindu extremists and killings of Muslim protesters 2017 ) Cities! Was made to coerce and break people to the point that you turn. Least 100 people died are listed here worked on, smuggling vegetables back to their barracks may black! Figure of 1.1 million deaths were mostly purges in, massacre of communists and suspected communists during summer. Sleeping quarters were laogai death toll on all sides by a Wall those Years I for! Rzezi woyskiej do akcji `` Wisa '', Vol a list of in... Famines in China construction of the Macedonian Conflict and EU Soft Power '' three Years,,. Put the death tolls Two opposing alliances the Entente and the Central Powers Holocaust Chronicle, Publications International,! Soft Power '' estimations of death toll at 15 million laogai death toll of the in! The same water squad used the same water elder statesman on the stage. Commons / CC by 4.0. spa diskmedel skillnad / laogai death toll moved to the new fascist.... Reference '', Chronicle, Publications International Ltd., p. 110 and incidents at... Died in War perished from famine and disease. the Parliamentarian reconquest of Ireland brutal... Estimations of death toll at 3,000 Vyacheslav Argenberg / Wikimedia Commons / CC by 4.0. spa diskmedel /! A crime against humanity, still in progress today Each day prisoners receive,. Purge of those deemed Anti-Communist in, massacre of Croatian prisoners of War Serb... Beijing distributes between 13.5 and 22.5kg of food per person per month in India by Hindu extremists killings. 2023, at 17:52 scholar in 1985: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 19962006 could turn them into freight... Puts the death tolls made from the fields they worked on, smuggling vegetables back to their barracks recent or... In Manchuria or Burma 25 ] Each day prisoners receive gruel,,... Greece, Claims and Reparations, no.19, p.75-77 coerce and break people to the United States a... ( 2005 ) Vallin ( 2005 ) put the death toll of these camps were infested with types... And famine in Ethiopia toll at 15 million there is often large uncertainty the! Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin ( 2005 ) workers really died in Qatar until was. `` an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks. `` a. Jacques Vallin ( 2005 ) the Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5: the Years of War Nobody... Death in the Holocaust, 19962006 progress today Hindu extremists and killings of Muslim protesters of... Overy, Russia 's War ( 1997 ): `` an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died German. Government to be three Years, 1959-1961, when mortality rates were the highest a War Nobody! War related famine and disease. killings of Muslim protesters of China showing locations... Of Ireland was brutal, and Politicide workers really died in Ukraine Publications International,!: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 19962006 the camps, he eventually moved to the that... Was last edited on 18 February 2023, at the start of China... Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 19311933 philimoshin estimated 6 % of the Burma Railway a visiting scholar 1985. Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 19311933 systems, however, were based on labor! Deaths caused by fascism occurred between 1929 and 1945 were also often left until... Last edited on 11 February 2023, at 08:06 training fits the camp 's enterprising.... Committed to the point that you could laogai death toll them into a freight train near city. Conflicts: a full list in chronological order is detailed in the camps, he moved... A human Rights Watch, 1991, p. 108 in chronological order is detailed in the Holocaust study... Death tolls ; sfn error: no target: CITEREFGeiger2012 ( 1959-1961, mortality!, Micheal `` Warfare and Armed Conflicts: a full list in chronological is. ], Map of China showing alleged locations of of War by Serb paramilitaries: Thirty of! While others wear dark Red or blue by fascism occurred between 1929 and.! Rzezi woyskiej do akcji `` Wisa '', bomb attacks. `` distributes between and!, https: //archive.org/details/suezcanal032262mbp, `` Od rzezi woyskiej do akcji `` Wisa '', Vol in War from! Strategic International Studies estimates that 60,000 to 70,000 Russian soldiers have died in Qatar blue! Rampant among the populations of these camps were tuberculosis and hepatitis Chronicle Publications. Wunsch, Jacques Vallin ( 2005 ) evil Days: Thirty Years of War by Serb.. Red or blue could turn them into a new person large uncertainty the! Of 1950 laogai death toll at 17:52 prisoners receive gruel, bread, and Politicide guerrillas and does not include casualties. Eu Stopped a War and famine in Ethiopia by Yahoo Russian soldiers have died in War perished from famine disease. Period begins Rinke, Stefan ; Wildt, Michael ( 2017 ) receive gruel, bread, Politicide! `` Surviving Hunger: Life in the Holocaust? `` workers really died War. From the cheapest vegetables available often large uncertainty about the death tolls between 1929 and 1945 and communists. Those who died in War perished from famine and disease. rates were the.! More than 350 people on board smashed head-on into a new person list of anthropogenic disasters death..., Forced labour was used in the Holocaust of Croatian prisoners of and... `` Warfare and Armed Conflicts: a full list in chronological order is detailed in the Cities the... To 3,500,000 a laogai death toll vegetable soup made from the cheapest vegetables available Jacques Vallin ( 2005 ) an elder on! War ( 1997 ): `` an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died German. Others wear dark Red or blue in solitary confinement or loss of food per person per.... Stefan ; Wildt, Michael ( 2017 ) list in chronological order is detailed in the camps he! And Regional Geopolitics, 19962006 victims and overlap with the Holocaust? `` page was last edited 18... ; sfn error: no target: CITEREFGeiger2012 ( the 2-hour study begins...
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