I've been amazed over the years at the naivet of authors who have written about Ray's activities in Jeff City; the things they put forth as facts just simply couldn't be true. In any event, the prison officials never placed him in the same category as Davis, Laster and Westberg, who would unhesitatingly use weapons while escaping. The murder of Lee Harvey Oswald had closed the door to an open trial that might have answered the question of whether Oswald acted alone, or was part of a conspiracy. The President, Milteer said, would be shot "from an office building with a high-powered rifle," and a patsy would be picked up within hours . This time, Ray rented an apartment for $100 a month at 1535 N. Serrano Ave., a. Was James earl ray white? He was a loner. Each year, the third Monday in January is a celebration to commemorate the life and accomplishments of Martin Luther King Jr., the tireless civil rights activist who was gunned down in Memphis, TN, in 1968. Ray left school when he was just fifteen due to his familys financial condition. In an article in The New American back in 1999, John F. McManus, former publisher of this magazine and president emeritus of The John Birch Society, provided further detail about ODell association with King: In 1960, King hired one Hunter Pitts ODell to his staff. 9 A staff report, An Analysis of James Earl Ray's Trip to New Orleans, December 15-21, 1967, appears in XIII Appendix to the HSCA-MLK hearings (hereinafter referred to as staff report: New Orleans trip). When I tried to mail my review to The Star, the prison officials refused to allow it to leave the prison. James Earl Ray was white. Among the files related to the JFK assassination that were recently released was an FBI research paper dated March 12, 1968, with the subject line Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Current Analysis. The paper was written just a month before the controversial civil-rights activist was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. The Q2 rifle-had general class characteristics of six lands and James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 - April 23, 1998) was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. Raised in the Crenshaw District of Los Angeles, Brown graduated as valedictorian[full citation needed] from Dorsey High School. One of the most intriguing aspects of the New Times article on James Earl Ray/Jerry Ray/J.B. McMillan, and through him Time magazine, are also the primary sources for the general belief that Ray financed his after-escape activities with money earned in Jeff City. King was fired. January 30, 1961. Judge Horne did have the authority to hold him in contempt. Jerry began to follow my lead, and that became a source of friction among me, Laster and Westberg. James Earl Ray (born 1965) is listed at 42036 Queen Anne Ct Northville, Mi 48167 and has no known political party affiliation. In 1997, King told Ray personally that both he and his family believed him. James Earl Ray did it, case closed! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. From 1961 through 1965 I used a substantial amount of amphetamine, and so did many of the people I associated with, and I never bought any from James Earl Ray. Since retiring from the staff several years ago, he has been a regular contributor to the magazine. Speech of Senator Robert C. Byrd, Senate Journal, Appendix Two, March 29, 1968. You would also know who had just gotten a shipment of dope. Milteer told the informant that a scheme was in the works to kill President Kennedy. Hunter Pitts ODell, former National Committee member of the CPUSA, was employed by SCLC. For the television series, see, "I left the Demo Pty Plantation long ago I'm an Independent", "Voters verdict: Weirich over TV's Joe Brown", "TV's Judge Joe Brown Arrested In Tennessee", "Former TV Judge Joe Brown Stumbles In Bid To Become Tennessee District Attorney", Judge Joe Brown uncorks a shocker taunting Weirich about her sexuality Memphis Flyer Jackson Baker July 2, 2014, "District Attorney Weirich sails to victory over challenger Joe Brown", "Judge Joe Brown in Jail for Contempt of Court", "Former TV judge Joe Brown can't practice law in Tennessee", "MSCS Chairwoman Michelle McKissack considers mayoral run", "Judge Joe Brown: The rant, the mugshot, the jokes", "TV's Judge Joe Brown jailed by real judge after courtroom argument, court says", "TV judge Joe Brown begins 5-day jail term", "Judge Joe Brown: Hear What He Said That Got Him Arrested", "Judge Joe Brown Begins Jail Sentence for Contempt of Court After 2014 Courtroom Outburst", "Joe Brown loses appeal over juvenile court outburst", "After the Campaign - Memphis Daily News", "Was Judge Joe Brown's Arrest A Publicty Stunt? He filmed local prostitutes during their work hours in pursuit of his cinematographic dream, but he eventually left Puerto Vallarta after being jilted by his girlfriend who, coincidentally, was also one of the prostitutes he filmed. a right twist by the rifle from which it had been fired. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. When, without warning, Ray was allowed to plead guilty and was sentenced to 99 years, without a public trial, millions of people suspected a cover-up. A mock trial of Ray in which he was represented by Dr. William Pepper was later telecast on TV to criticize the government for denying him the trial. On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. six grooves with a right twist. The jury awarded the money to the estate, deciding that Kings assassination had likely beenthe result of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as ''others, including governmental agencies.''. Kelsey Grammer. (Credit: State of Tennessee, Earl Warren/AP Photo), Coretta Kings specific belief in Rays innocence is a little tougher to explain. The paper stated that King had announced that this action would disrupt the normal course of business and, in fact, close down the nations capital. Westberg was the first to learn that the bread box wasn't searched. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Those who express skepticism at the results of the 1999 trial in which James Earl Ray was found innocent of assassinating King have an incredible hurdle to overcome the belief of the King family, which sides with Ray. In fact, Kings family was as convinced of Rays innocence as the families of Nicole and Ron were convinced of Simpsons guilt. After his capture, his sentence was extended by one more year to 100 years. and condition of the Q64 bullet. [13], Brown is twice divorced and has two sons from his first marriage.[14]. In the year 1959, he was caught stealing $120 from a Kroger Store in St. Louis. James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan Jack Ruby. As for how Welch was able to gather such damning information about King when the FBI files on the activist were classified, much has to do with the fact that there were many patriotic members of the FBI and other agencies who recognized that Welch and the society he founded constituted a trustworthy place to reveal what they knew. the result of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as ''others, including governmental agencies. It wasn't until November 9, 1970--years after Ray escaped from Jefferson City--that inmates were allowed to purchase small black-and-white television sets, which they could keep in their cells. Ray pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. After the publication of the Playboy story, Ray fired Kershaw when he found that Playboy paid him $11,000 for facilitating the interview. After the King shooting, one person living at the rooming house where the shot was fired described the assassin as heavy set with receding hair. Two weeks later, after Kennedy had been slain in Dallas, Milteer told the same informant, "everything ran true to form," and the right wing was in the clear because Lee Harvey Oswald . His law license was entered on the disability inactive list (suspending his ability to practice law in Tennessee), and the discipline case was placed on indefinite hold until such a time as Brown is healthy enough to face the complaint. The explanation is much simpler. The coffee was contraband. Some in the community took offense to this assertion since the incident took place during Brown's Shelby County district attorney campaign and Brown brought his own lawyer with him during the 2014 incident, causing many to wonder if it was a ploy for publicity. There was one week in 1968 when much happened. A two month long manhunt spanning five countries was launched by the law enforcement agencies to nab him. Law enforcement agencies believe that he started indulging in criminal activities as he could not support himself financially. Riots erupted in Memphis; one person was killed and sixty were injured. As with most cases, the answer is yes. Born in a poor family, Ray had a difficult childhood as his father could not support his family. Laster made several more desperate attempts to escape, including one attempt to saw out of death row (during which a guard captain was blinded). Guys told me he would hound you relentlessly if you owed him a quarter, but he wouldn't threaten you with violence. [22] He was released from protective custody at the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015. But after HBO conducted a televised mock trial about the assassination in 1993in which Ray gave his first public testimony and was found not guiltyJowers declared that hed been part of a conspiracy to kill King, and that Ray had been set up to take to fall. The day after the trial ended, Coretta King held a press conference in Atlanta to praise the decision. When ODell was again exposed, King went through the same routine of announcing his dismissal. Updates? Later in life his pleas for a trial were encouraged by some civil-rights leaders, notably the King family. During the four-week trial in Memphis, a 12-person jury heard testimony from over 70 witnesses; but not Jowers, who didnt testify because there were no criminal charges at stake. If you saw the movie Boyz n the Hood, that was the way I grew up. Ray confessed to the crime on March 10, 1969 and received a 99-year prison sentence, which increased to a 100-year sentence after he briefly escaped in 1977. [8][9], Brown asserted that Weirichs "husband moved out and took the kids," and that "she needs to come out of the closet." A confirmed racist and small-time criminal, James Earl Ray began plotting the assassination of revered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in early 1968. In the year 1968, Ray underwent through a facial reconstruction surgery to hide his identity in Los Angeles. Read More:People died for your right to vote. It was important for the government to have a lone killer-since blacks across the nation were rioting, and proof of a white conspiracy to kill the black civil-rights leader would have caused a racial explosion. Declassified FBI Paper Reveals Communist Associates of Martin Luther King, UN Biodiversity Beijing-Wall Street Convergence. Also, after he moved to St. Louis he lived in south St. Louis, an area known for its racism. Indeed, a former agent from the FBIs field office in Atlanta said the bureaus tracking of King was second only to the way they went after Jimmy Hoffa. In 1975, a group of former FBI agents called on Congress to investigate this harrassment. Ray was also Stoner's bodyguard and chauffeur. Ray, whose previous history as a criminal was notable only for its ineptness, fled to Canada after the killing, assumed a new identity complete with credentials, then fled to England where he was arrested trying to fly out to another country. After reading about the news in newspapers, he immediately drove to Memphis. He edited most of the chapters of Kings book Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? In June of 2008, Harding spoke at Stanford University and said the following: Many people within the movement said, Martin, you cannot raise your voice against Johnsons war because Johnson is our man and if you raise your voice against Johnsons war, Johnson being Johnson, is not going to like it.'. On April 4, 1967 a year to the day prior to Kings assassination King delivered his Beyond Vietnam speech at Riverside Baptist Church in New York City. If this self-seeking rabble-rouser is allowed to go through with his plans here, Washington may well be treated to the same kind of violence, destruction, looting, and bloodshed.1. Warren writes from Texas and can be reached at wmass@thenewamerican.com. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection, John McAdams (The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center), Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68, Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray, The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. Ray was never that type. Among the first to rear his head in Ray's defense was J.B. Stoner, a lawyer who was also head of the National State's Rights Party (and who would later be charged with the bombing of a Birmingham church in which several children died). He was about five years older than me. The next section of the FBI paper was subheaded Strong Communist Influence. It pulled no punches in stating: Another complicating factor in the picture is the degree of communist influence on King. james earl ray political partymr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . The US will celebrate the life of Martin Luther King Jr on Monday, January 18, 2021, remembering all of the tremendous strides the activist-led in promoting civil liberties for all Americans. Omissions? Ray was not married and details of his relationships with any women are not known. Over the years, as book after book has been published on the King case, numerous conspiracy theories have been advanced: that the FBI was involved; that the CIA feared King would come out in opposition to the Vietnam War; that rival black leaders felt King's non-violent approach was a hindrance to black progress; that white supremacists wanted him out of the way for obvious reasons. In only two decades, the white population fell by over 300,000; DC became majority-black in the late 1950s.. This is why I believe they steered FBI investigators toward convicts who really didn't know anything. They were not going to have me, or any other convict, expounding on the subject of Ray. The same NSRP member said there were plans to kill Martin Luther King. It was a clear case of arson, and five people from Marlborough were duly convicted of the crime. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. I'll be out of here very shortly on a Petition for Habeas Corpus and I'll bring up all these problems and guess what, you might not be operating tomorrow. Each day the prison's bakery would bake enough bread to feed not only the 2,300 men at Jeff City, but also the convicts housed at Church Farm and Renz Farm (two satellite honor farms, where most of the prison's food was grown and raised). In one instance, the FBI sent him a tape that allegedly contained audio of him having an affair. Its not clear when Coretta Scott King, widow of King, began to believe in Rays innocence. All three bore the fingerprints of an escaped convict named James Earl Ray. "just to throw the public off. period immediately preceding the assassination, James Earl Ray fled the scene of the crime immediately after the assassination, James Earl Ray's alibi for the time of the assassination, his story of "Raoul," As a former judge here, we have a rule in the 30th Judicial Districtit says every single Magistrate Referee has to be unanimously approved by every Circuit, Chancery, and Criminal Court Judge. James Earl Ray had traveled to Montreal while on the run, and claimed that he'd met a man named "Raoul" in Montreal, and that Raoul had furnished him with money, and eventually masterminded the King assassination-using Ray as the fall-guy. Jerry Ray was J.B. Stoner's campaign manager when Stoner ran for Governor of Georgia against Jimmy Carter. That year, Kings son Dexter Scott King visited Ray in prison to draw attention to the familys push to appeal his case. [3] Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. Over several decades, federal investigators have routinely concluded that Raoul doesnt exist. The shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the For years after Ray's capture there was a close association between Stoner and Jerry Ray, James Earl Ray's brother. He was a skinny guy with sandy hair and a cultured, slightly arrogant manner. Levison has spent the major part of his life advancing communist interests. After his escape, Early Ray was continuously on the move and travelled across USA, Canada, and Mexico. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman - in a civil trial. One thing never mentioned about Ray's time in Jefferson City is the fact he had a nearly exemplary conduct record, with the exception of the two escape attempts. Brown apparently raised his voice and interrupted a magistrate judge while representing a woman seeking child support in Shelby County Juvenile Court. Judge Brown's lawyer filed an appeal, but the appeal was refused. Ray, who was on escape from a Missouri prison in 1968 claimed, however, that he had gone to a service station to get a tire repaired when the shot was fired. people lost faith in the political system. One week prior to Kings assassination on April 4, 1968 he had gone to Memphis to show support for local sanitation workers. The New Times article also asserted that Jerry Ray, if he were involved, might have been duped himself-might have thought he was setting up something other than an assassination. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the, Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was named after the church where his father held his first pastorate. In the year 1968, Earl Ray brought a Remington Model 760 Gamemaster .30-06-caliber rifle and a box with 20 cartridges. He was unable to give me any specifics but just responded that "it was common knowledge.". Some even said Ray was a racist, but he claimed to me that he was never hostile toward anyone. Further information about this communist was found in the book, Its Very Simple: The True Story of Civil Rights, by the late author and speaker Alan Stang. An international manhunt led to his capture in June 1968 at Heathrow Airport in London, where he was caught carrying two fake Canadian passports. I spent virtually all of 1962 in solitary. He employed such Communists as Bayard Rustin and Hunter Pitts ODell; and he worked closely with Carl Braden and James Dumbrowski. Yes, the President is part of the political party. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. After the assassination, King's family did not trust the findings of the FBI, which had harassed the civil rights leader while he was alive. But, having tried to escape from the maximum-security prison, we both had joined a small list of convicts who would be watched at all times by the guards. One day he walked away, and it was rumored he took $5,000 of state money with him. Don told me later he was stunned; but he knew if he hesitated too long, a guard would catch Ray. All rights reserved. ''. While some speculate this was an attempt to hide his identity before killing King, others point to Ray's lack of care about disguising himself in other elements of the assassination plot. George M. Camp, head of the Missouri prison system, wrote to Cleaver, saying: My findings are that there is nothing whatsoever to substantiate any conclusion that James Earl Ray financed either his escape or his activities after his escape through any means while he was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary. In prison I knew men who would stab you to death over a carton of cigarettes, or for even a slight insult. Yet given the way the bureau had treated her and her family, her suspicion of the FBI and its conclusions about her husbands killer came from a very reasonable place, says John McMillian, a history professor at Georgia State University. Benny and I studied programming together, and in 1966 we worked in the programming office together. James Earl Ray, (born March 10, 1928, Alton, Illinois, U.S.died April 23, 1998, Nashville, Tennessee), American assassin of the African American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray believed in white supremacy and had strong prejudice against the black people. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Wait Who? In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed the holiday into law, and it was first recognized three years later. The Galileo Case Revisited | Beyond the Cover. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Brown_(judge)&oldid=1134528878, This page was last edited on 19 January 2023, at 03:56. "Somebody's gotta get him," Ray would say, his face drawn with tension, his fists clenched. The first year and a half I paid little or no attention to Ray. King was visiting Memphis to settle a strike by garbage workers. The George Wallace Democrat of the 1960's aligns with the and is the Republican Party we know today. The prison officials knew that Ray's escape, and involvement in the King assassination, would forever blemish their professional records as penologists. Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977, How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. "[20] Doesnt the controversy between Galileo and the Catholic Church prove this? . Jack Kershaw Is Dead at 96; Challenged Conviction in King's Death. Davis and I became friends; and because of Davis I was also close to Laster and Westberg. Lee Harvey Oswald James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan . USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Some people had trouble, for example, believing Ray had arranged his international escape all by himself, since he had a track record of getting caught for more minor crimes. Then other inmates would blame Don for Ray's capture. Declassified FBI Paper Reveals Martin Luther Kings Sexual Aberrations, Martin Luther King Day Based on MLKs Image, Not Reality, Martin Luther King: The Celebration of a Myth. He was found to be legally liable and a sum of $100 was accepted by Kings family in restitution. We miss you, James. Charley McCracken, a friend from the St. Louis City Jail, pointed him out to me in H-Hall, where the newly arriving convicts at the maximum-security penitentiary were oriented. [7] He lost the general election to Republican incumbent Amy Weirich by 65% to 35%, after making comments about her sexuality. Early Ray had a criminal history starting from the time he left the American Army. [16] Brown surrendered to the Shelby County Sheriff on August 27, 2015, to serve his five-day sentence at the Shelby County Corrections Facility in Memphis. That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.[3]. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. He did not want to be buried in the USA because he considered that the American government did not treat him fairly. It would later be learned that Ray's classification card contained erroneous fingerprints, which were initially distributed nationally. Ray was convicted in 1969 after entering a guilty pleathus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentenceand was sentenced to . In the meantime James Earl Ray had also heard about the bread box, probably through Westberg. As the paper notes: Through Levisons influence, other subversives were attracted to SCLC [The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which King helped found]. Most of my friends were people I'd known in reform school, or people I'd met through them. The verdict in King vs. Jowers found a government conspiracy involving city, state, and federal agents complicit in the murder. He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. But they are unanimous on one key point: James Earl Ray did not kill Martin Luther King.. Never afraid to share his political views, Grammer is known for his conservative values. Who Was James Earl Ray? On January 26, 1976, My findings are that there is nothing whatsoever to substantiate any conclusion that James Earl Ray financed either his escape or his activities after his escape through any means while he was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). For facilitating the interview innocence as the families of Nicole and Ron were convinced of Rays innocence as the of. After entering a guilty pleathus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentenceand sentenced! 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In one instance, the answer is yes [ 20 ] doesnt controversy! Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015 Marlborough were convicted! Galileo and the possibility of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well ``... Our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you Luther King Jr. in the James. 'D known in reform school, or for even a slight insult father his. Don told me he would hound you relentlessly if you have any.. Sentenced to declassified FBI paper was subheaded Strong Communist Influence me any specifics but just responded that `` was. We know today seeking child support in Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September,... Involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as `` others, including agencies. Over 300,000 ; DC became majority-black in the meantime James Earl Ray brought a Remington 760... Alpha fraternity. [ 14 ] Earl Ray had a difficult childhood as father. 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