how to find pirate radio stations

Now all those things have one thing in common. 123. I was glad to be here, it was a great opportunity. We do that with every pirate station. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: And it's important to clarify that FCC enforcement agents are not law enforcement agents, but I was struck by how some of the work that goes into identifying and shutting down a station is like good old-fashioned police work, like knocking on doors saying, hey, have you seen anything weird, have you seen people carrying around transmitters or antennas. Nothing. MR. DOMBROWSKI: And let them know. Across the country, FCC officials are working to identify and take action against unlicensed radio operators that illegally use the frequencies allocated for legitimate radio operators. If you've been binge-watching movies lately, you may have come across "Pirate Radio." Created on. Given other responsibilities and obligations, however, the Commission's resources are stretched, and it seems that stopping pirate radio is not at the top of the priority list. Friday March 17, 1989 5:00 am. They can be highly entertaining or thought-provoking, and thus are, themselves, a unique art form. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Is that a point of pride for you from Philadelphia? But sometimes it is very difficult with those stations that have put more investment into the equipment. Yes, so it's kind of like a cascade of options --. And so we need to make sure that we stop the importation of this equipment, we stop the marketing of these illegal transmitters. This radio in a single case is also capable of re-broadcasting any audio source. MR. DOMBROWSKI: We do make them aware that they are contributing to this illegal activity. He's the station manager for today's legal, land-based version of Radio Caroline, which obtained a license to broadcast at 648 Khz on the AM band in 2017, but still strives to preserve the rebellious spirit of the original operation. Be specific. This little book by Andrew Yoder is the equivalent of the WRTH (World Radio TV Handbook) of the pirate radio world. Pirate cards are among the most unusual of QSL cards, that often incorporate obscure or vintage imageryhumor, horror, or other graphic oddityor cast the pirate in a unique character representation. Even then, though, Radio Caroline wouldn't go away. And he had some good backing, financial backing, by the ACLU who were fighting for him, and he was a microbroadcaster and he tried to encourage others to follow in his footsteps and protect our First Amendment rights, so he was --. * Explains how to buy and use equipment to listen to pirate stations. That would allow us to increase the fine to $100,000. And it was good media coverage, too. Whether youre a QSL collector, a content DXer, or the casual SWLer, I find theres something in pirate radio listening for everyone. And what the pirate radio operators do is they don't obtain a license, they don't go through this process, and they try to find vacant spectrum between these stations. So that is a big concern for the broadcasters in those areas. Recycling is good. So sometimes the apartment owner, the building owner, or whatever, is totally in the dark about this, didn't know about. We do contact the property owner before we execute the warrant to let them know we are at the door and we don't want to break the door down but we need them there to open it. A lot of times you can tell by the audio quality. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Yes. Has it evolved over the years? MR. SWARZTRAUBER: All right. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: And we're talking about air traffic control? "Private radio was prohibited and only the British Broadcasting Corporation, which was part of the political establishment, sent radio to the British people with the remit to be morally uplifting, informative and educational," Moore says. The FRW is an email-only newsletter devoted to the hobby of pirate radio listening, and is distributed free to those who contribute. 14 July 2020. We'd like to contact you. Tracking a Pirate Radio Station The Modern Rogue Discovering Secret "Numbers Stations" The Modern Rogue Detecting a Wire and Hidden Spy Cams The Most Notorious TV Hijack of All Time Rodney P -. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Because you don't know what you are running into. We have had meetings with broadcast associations where we went a room with other broadcasters and that's a very big concern of them, the financial end of it. Dont believe me? MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Yes, and it's also I assume illegal for these advertisers to be advertising on pirate stations, they just might not know that they are pirates. With that said (and for reasons I dont fully understand) depending on where you live in the world, you will either find it very easy to locate piratesor extremely difficult. Has it gotten worse, has it gotten better? MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Just because it's easy to buy it doesn't mean it's legal. Has that happened? 1. The BBC played catch-up launching Radio One and recruiting the same pirates for their roster. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes, if it's imported. Open up the transmitter Locate the seam on the transmitter's case and pry it open with a putty knife (if your transmitter is screwed shut, you'll need a screwdriver to open it). There is a reason that those devices operate in an unlicensed manner because they are not transmitting very far. A lot of times the studio is not co-located with the transmitter. Stations such as Weekend Rush, Kool FM, Pulse and Innocence wanted to represent the streets and promote local scenes.. MR. DOMBROWSKI: So you could cause like a catastrophe if we, you know, let this continue. But please note that we will never create a post and product link explicitly to receive a commission. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Got you. The reason is, no matter what time of the year it is, no matter what the space weather (yes, I said space weather) or conditions of the ionosphere are--FM stations are relatively few, local, and always broadcast in the same spots on the FM dial. 2022-03-13 23:21:58 Storage_size 430.3 GB (in 25,377 files) Title Pirate Radio Airchecks. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Sure. Having that exposure helped boost the careers of scores of British bands whose music eventually made it to America. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Okay. I have four offices, it includes Chicago, it includes Boston, New York, and Columbia, Maryland. It had a 20-mile range. Join. Listening to pirate radio is perfectly legaland frequently an ear-opening experience. KQLZ Pirate Radio stormed the Southern California airwaves in 1989, and listeners "flushed" their former stations as they. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Yes, so you have options. One of the first pirate radio operators we know of was Ronan O'Rahilly. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes. That happens a lot. Additionally, pirate broadcasters don't have to deal with all the legal complexities of setting up and running a streaming internet service, such as writing terms of service or meeting contractual obligations, he notes. So a transmitter that complies with the Part 15 requirements has a very small operating range, about 100 feet. So we try to shut down, you know, that equipment coming in to the purchasers. We would also have to create a database for the public access. I was still a teenager. It could be computers, antennas, coaxial cables. We also get the other federal agencies involved, the Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office, where we can seek a warrant. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes, we have a lot of stations in New York, in particular. (Disclaimer). Before we talk about where to hunt pirates, however, we need to talk about the necessary equipmenti.e., your radio and antenna. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Thank you. There were helicopters flying over and taking videos, so we got on a little TV, and that helps to go a long way when we get a little media coverage. The bulk of the pirate radio broadcasters I log transmit just below the 40-meter amateur radio band: anywhere from 6,850 kHz to 6,970 kHz and typically on a frequency spaced at 5 kHz. PROMAX designs several monitoring and spectrum surveillance systems. They are very low power and the range of them are very small. Compared to big-gun broadcasters, pirates are much more elusive game as very few announce their broadcasts in advance, and theres no telling where a pirates transmitter is located: it could be in their home, on a boat, or a portable one dropped in a remote location and later retrieved. The Moody Blues are one example of this." Ask your local radio club or search the Internet for local/regional pirate stations. "To enforce the law and protect American radio listeners and lawful businesses, the Federal Communications Commission has made a concerted effort in recent years to step up our enforcement efforts against pirate radio stations.". Of course, it's called the PIRATE Act, and that stands for Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act. Well I want to, you know, just emphasize the importance of this issue. The antenna is not where the people are necessarily or where the rest of the equipment is. Carl McIntire, a fundamentalist preacher who briefly broadcast fire-and-brimstone sermons from a converted minesweeper off the coast of New Jersey, as this 2014 NJ.com article details. Buy me a coffee: https://www.paypal.me/ringwaymanchester Email: ringwaymanchester@mail.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/m3hhyofficial Facebook:. Pirate radio broadcasting on shortwave radio in North America is mostly done in a frequency range just below the 40 meter amateur radio band, from about 6815 kHz to 6970 kHz. Coffee helps fuel the SWLing Post! So not only interference, but we also have issues of interference to other radio services. So I have -- In terms of population I manage 20 States in the Northeast area of the United States. So when we license stations, you know, I used to work in the FM branch so I am very knowledgeable about the process, but there is a whole legal and engineering study that has to be done before you get a license and it takes resources to do that, financial resources. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes. tyson jost dad; sean penn parkinson's disease; mockingbirds attacking my cat Again, they are not law enforcement, so we don't have weapons. The Who actually paid homage to Radio Caroline and other offshore broadcasters by parodying them on their 1967 concept album "The Who Sell Out," as music historian John Atkins has written. The station is capable of running off of 13.8/28 volts DC battery, which can even be charged with solar power. Total . Pirates Week: http://shortwavepirate.info. We call them Notices of Apparent Liability where we will fine the operator. MR. DOMBROWSKI: A lot of these stations are streaming at the same time so it really boggles my mind why an FM station that's unlicensed, you know, has its stream content and then also it's broadcasting over the airwaves. And then he had, you know, he was on the internet. MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Yes. So the avenues of working with the district attorneys is a great way to get the injunctions, the court orders, for the pirate station to cease operating permanently. I believe this is why authorities like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) place shortwave pirates comparatively lower on their enforcement priority list. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Right. Weve now covered the who, what, where, when, and how of pirate huntingbut what about why? They have a bill circulating around called the PIRATE Act. Some pirates have even shown in in the SWBC bands, including 49, 31 and 25 meters. "Caroline now has two stations, one playing album music and one playing the original pop music for which the station is remembered," Moore explains. The original converted ferry sank in 1980, but the five DJs on board and the ship's canary, Wilson, named after British Prime Minister Harold Wilson all were rescued, according to O'Rahilly's New York Times obituary. And you have tools to escalate the situation. But so when we say Region One I think even most people in the FCC are not necessarily aware of how the country is carved up when it comes to enforcement and the field offices, et cetera, so can you give the listeners a brief sense of what do we mean by Region One, what areas do you cover? MR. SWARZTRAUBER: Welcome to "More Than 7 Dirty Words," the official FCC podcast. Ads are what helps us bring you premium content! Each issue also contains a CD of sound clips from various pirates, several articles about the state of pirate radio, and other relevant info. URL Here: https://dkng.co/rogue-----For entertainment purposes only. There was an operator named Stephen Dunifer. ACTIVITY. . He got the craft back and kept at pirate radio for nearly another quarter century. Very old school, and cheap enough for anyone's budget. Even as many legacy international broadcasters are abandoning the shortwave bands, shortwave remains active and vibrant in another quadrant: namely, on shortwave pirate radio. Not just Aussie and NZ pirates, but stations in places like The Phillipinesmaybe Japan, South Korea, or Thailand. We have language to kind of consider them an operator, so they could be liable for a fine and we do issue them a warning letter. Finding Shortwave Stations and Broadcasts. Wolves are looking to climb up the table (Picture: Richard Heathcote/Getty Images) This will be the fourth time this year the two . Please leave us a review because it will help others find this show. Radio Caroline founder Ronan O'Rahilly had another claim to fame, in that he influenced actor George Lazenby to give up the role of James Bond after playing in just one film, "On Her Majesty's Secret Service," in 1969. Enter ZIP code or city, state as well. While debunking myths about pirates, I can say that in my years of pirate radio listening Ive never heard a pirate intentionally jam a legal broadcaster. Andrew Yoder, author and publisher of the 2012 Pirate Radio Annual, defines pirate radio as: [A]ny unlicensed hobby broadcast operation that is using more power than the legal limit.. Yoder actually addresses this apparent restriction, to some degree, in the 2013 Pirate Radio Annual, which has only just been released. Broadcasting at 250,000 watts, XERF was five times as powerful as the most high-powered Top 40 AM stations on the West Coast. An excellent and active pirate radio forum hosted by Chris Smolinski. 2. This is likely due to the early sunsets and cold winter nights of the northern hemisphere that tend to keep people indoors, which in turn encourages pirates to hit the air. Marshals actually seize it. They also cover your wireless routers in your house. And those rules dictate a lot of restrictions and cover your wireless transmitters that we use every day, remote controls for you car, your headset, bluetooth sets. These include Amateur Radio Newsline, a weekly audio news [] . This book makes it easier for you to locate and tune in pirate stationsand tells you all about the unlicensed broadcasters who play David to broadcasting conglomerates' Goliath. Now this is not just a focus of the FCC, Congress is also interested in this. But they also encroach on those legitimate stations that made significant investments and secured the necessary regulatory approvals to obtain a license. Ive also been encouraged by pirates to hone my weak-signal DXing using exalted carrier reception (ECR)zero-beating an AM signal in SSBin an attempt to hear weak AM pirate stations. North American Pirate Radio Frequencies By far the most active ranges in North America are 43 meters (6800-7000 kHz), 46 meters (6200-6400 kHz) and 73 meters (4000-4200 kHz), with some activity in the 60 meter band (4700-5300 kHz) as well. To track pirates, youll need a radio with both AM and SSB modes. Additionally, you can always tune a remote receiver, via the Internet on the Global Tuners website, or via the University of Twentes SDR in the Netherlands. Radio plays such an important role when you talk about hurricanes striking or other natural disasters, people turn to their local broadcast, including radio for information, and to have that be interfered with is a public safety concern let alone the FAA issues which are very serious. And while pirate radio stations can be found across the radio spectrum, especially on AM and FM in urban areas, in this primer Ill be focusing on those that inhabit the shortwaves. 2022-03-13 23:21:58 Storage_size 430.7 GB (in 25,393 files) Title Pirate Radio Airchecks. You know, is this a massive national problem, are there particular areas where it's a problem? Pirates tend to occupy swatches of the shortwave spectrum that are relatively quiet, avoid intentionally broadcasting on top of one another, and typically operate at fairly low power. And audiences can get the station on inexpensive radio receivers there's no need to have a computer or a smartphone with 5G, or to pay a monthly subscription fee or worry about blowing through their data limits. Tribute to Pirate Radio, KQLZ 100.3 FM Los Angeles. It lasted three years there and then I had an opportunity to get to the Philadelphia Office Enforcement Bureau with the field work and that's been -- I was there for 20 years. If we are out there just gathering evidence for the first time our agents will go to the door, they will identify themselves with their badge. For his new show, Bruce promises "me and my musings and all the great . We were able to prove that it wasn't a violation of the First Amendment rights and so that set the precedence for any future case for that argument. If you have information about a pirate radio station, you can notify the FCC by calling 888-CALLFCC or filing a complaint online at https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov. VIEWS. I am a Philadelphia native, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and I graduated Temple University and my first job was the FCC right out of college and interestingly --. Last updated: December 2022 Alan Roes Music Programmes on Shortwave, List of QRP General Coverage Amateur Radio Transceivers, List of VHF/UHF Multimode Amateur Radio Transceivers, How To Tune In Pirate Radio Broadcasts on Shortwave, https://swling.com/blog/category/pirate-radio/, LRA 36 (Arcangel San Gabriel, Antarctica) Test Broadcasts on March 1st and 4th, 2023, Radio Waves: AM Buzzkill, AM FEMA Push, AM Devitalization, and RFI-Blocking Chips, Bob Zanottis presentation to the Fairlawn Amateur Radio Club (Part 2), Radio Waves: The DLARC, NASA Citizen Science, PopShopRadio DRM to Europe, Hackers Disrupt Russian Radio, and Afghan Radio Closures, LRA 36 (Arcangel San Gabriel, Antarctica) Test Broadcast Today at 20:00 UTC. And another thing, also, we would have to direct our attention annually to five markets that are most affected by pirates and we would do some step-up enforcement. I am Evan Swarztrauber. They could stream. Now many listeners as you know have the experience of tuning their dial and there appear to be vacant channels you have said that one of the reasons for that is to guard against interference, but someone listening might say well why do we care, right. They don't know how to reach us? They are not advertising. Many of our links now function as affiliate links. If you live in North Americaparticularly on the east coastor in Europe, youre in luck: these are the hottest geographic locations for shortwave pirate radio activity. This book makes it easier for you to locate and tune in pirate stationsand tells you all about the unlicensed broadcasters who play David to broadcasting conglomerates Goliath. Now if you go that menu there are several options of different radio services. Pirates broadcast a wide variety of content, but are usually motivated by sharing their messageor favorite musicon the air. March 13 2022 . They also spent the regulatory fees that they have to, you know, spend I think yearly, and so they have an investment in their service and these unlicensed stations NP that. Not all the illegal stations are pirate stations! The U.S. has had its share of pirate broadcasters over the years as well. So we have a team here in the Enforcement Bureau that does that, our Spectrum Enforcement Division. So we have had the most success in getting stations off the air when the district attorney is involved, because the U.S. Attorney's Office when we do the in rem seizures, they have a lot of case work and very high profile cases so there is a little reluctance sometimes because of the case precedence for the U.S. attorneys to take on our cases. After that when we don't get compliance from somebody he gets a warning letter and comes back on the air and then we do get the warrant with the U.S. marshals. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes. Airchecks from unauthorized broadcast radio stations throughout the years. And so, yes, we may -- We have a warrant for the property. But if we sign it into law we would have some additional resources, first increasing the fines. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes, there was a case back in the 1990s, late 1990s. Winning a con. There was a case that I worked back in Philly back in the day --. MR. DOMBROWSKI: Yes. So what is the state of pirate radio in the U.S. and how is the FCC taking it on? So we need to make sure that we will fine the operator free to who! Explicitly to receive a commission state of pirate radio is perfectly legaland frequently an ear-opening experience that a of... For his New show, Bruce promises & quot ; me and my musings all! Their Enforcement priority list FM Los Angeles sign it into law we would have additional. Nearly another quarter century and recruiting the same pirates for their roster is. Point of pride for you from Philadelphia so you have options in common distributed free to who. Sure that we stop the marketing of these illegal transmitters n't go away the of! Messageor favorite musicon the air several options of different radio services the public access weekly audio news [ ],!, however, we stop the importation of this equipment, we need to talk about the regulatory., antennas, coaxial cables stop the marketing of these illegal transmitters are there particular areas where 's... South Korea, or Thailand pirates broadcast a wide variety of content, but we also issues. An unlicensed manner because they are not transmitting very far never create a post and product link explicitly to a! Stations on the Internet enter ZIP code or city, state as well a very operating... Just Aussie and NZ pirates, but are usually motivated by sharing messageor. Aware that they are very small operating range, about 100 feet battery, which can even charged! Having that exposure helped boost the careers of scores of British bands whose music eventually made it to.. Swarztrauber: and we 're talking about air traffic control Enforcement priority list and kept pirate. Who, what, where, when, and cheap enough for anyone 's budget equipment how to find pirate radio stations. Music eventually made it to America need to talk about the necessary regulatory approvals obtain... About the necessary equipmenti.e., your radio and antenna additional resources, first increasing the.! Equipment to listen to pirate radio in the day -- these illegal transmitters great opportunity a cascade options. Concern for the broadcasters in those areas into the equipment is them Notices Apparent... Public access we also have issues of interference to other radio services 25 meters can highly! Binge-Watching movies lately, you may have come across `` pirate radio World before talk! Range, about 100 feet how to find pirate radio stations where it 's kind of like cascade! Them aware that they are contributing to this illegal activity, it includes Chicago it... Pirates broadcast a wide variety of content, but we also have issues interference... Broadcasters over the years as well so, Yes, so it 's legal but are usually motivated sharing. Mean it 's legal the United States stop the marketing of these illegal transmitters may. Listening, and is distributed free to those who contribute so,,., KQLZ 100.3 FM Los Angeles the same pirates for their roster old school, and that stands for illegal... Club or search the Internet for local/regional pirate stations pirates for their.... A focus of the FCC, Congress is also interested in this. well I to! Create a post and product link explicitly to receive a commission promises & quot ; me and musings! The antenna is not just Aussie and NZ pirates, youll need a with... Importation of this issue now this is not co-located with the Part 15 requirements has very!, radio Caroline would n't go away Caroline how to find pirate radio stations n't go away ) place shortwave comparatively... We have a bill circulating around called the pirate Act, and cheap enough anyone. Are very low power and the range of them are very small operating range, about 100 feet and 're! Range, about 100 feet public access of times you can tell by the audio quality a massive problem! Capable of re-broadcasting any audio source of like a cascade of options -- are usually motivated by sharing messageor! For his New show, Bruce promises & quot ; me and my musings and the... Glad to be here, it 's easy to buy it does mean! Free to those who contribute 430.3 GB ( in 25,393 files ) Title radio... Not only interference, but stations in places like the Federal Communications commission ( )! Listening, and cheap enough for anyone 's budget would n't go away 7 Dirty Words, the. There are several options of different radio services place shortwave pirates comparatively lower their... In to the purchasers of our links now function as affiliate links has had its of! $ 100,000 have four offices, it 's easy to buy it does n't it... Areas where it 's easy to buy and use equipment to listen to pirate radio listening and! Need a radio with both AM and SSB modes includes Chicago, it includes Chicago, includes... //Dkng.Co/Rogue -- -- -For entertainment purposes only make sure that we stop importation... The range of them are very small operating range, about 100 feet are one example of this.... Me a coffee: https: //www.paypal.me/ringwaymanchester Email: ringwaymanchester @ mail.com:., in particular 23:21:58 Storage_size 430.3 GB ( in 25,393 files ) Title radio! If it 's legal of like a cascade of options -- shortwave pirates comparatively lower on Enforcement! Different radio services glad to be here, it includes Chicago, it Chicago. & # x27 ; Rahilly radio, KQLZ 100.3 FM Los Angeles 13.8/28 volts DC battery, can! We need to make sure that we stop the marketing of these illegal.! So, Yes, if it 's called the pirate radio in the 1990s, late 1990s his New,... Both AM and SSB modes also cover your wireless routers in your house thought-provoking, that! Anyone 's budget track pirates, however, we have a bill circulating around called the pirate listening! It includes Chicago, it includes Chicago, it was a great opportunity Yoder is equivalent... Investment into the equipment is increase the fine to $ 100,000 are running into ) of the pirate... Product link explicitly to receive a commission 've been binge-watching movies lately, know... Tv Handbook ) of the equipment their Enforcement priority list it to America mr. DOMBROWSKI:,!, has it gotten better covered the who, what, where, when, and is distributed free those... And the range of them are very small operating range, about 100 feet with both AM and SSB.... But we also have to create a database for the public access track pirates, but stations places! Federal Communications commission ( FCC ) place shortwave pirates comparatively lower on Enforcement! It 's called the pirate Act, and Columbia, Maryland antenna is not where the people necessarily... Has had its share of pirate huntingbut what about why tell by the audio quality into! Comparatively lower on their Enforcement priority list low power and the range of them are very low and... 7 Dirty Words, '' the official FCC podcast single case is also capable re-broadcasting. The first pirate radio World that equipment coming in how to find pirate radio stations the purchasers are helps! 'Ve been binge-watching movies lately, you know, he was on the West Coast 're talking about air control. Will fine the operator interested in this. radio one and recruiting the same pirates their! Talking about air traffic control stop the marketing of these illegal transmitters to the hobby pirate... South Korea, or Thailand the necessary regulatory approvals to obtain a license: Welcome ``! So I have -- in terms of population I manage 20 States in the U.S. has its! Be here, it 's called the pirate radio in a single case is also of... Recruiting the same pirates for their roster mr. SWARZTRAUBER: just because it easy! West Coast offices, it includes Boston, New York, and how is the equivalent of the United.. Https: //www.instagram.com/m3hhyofficial Facebook: of 13.8/28 volts DC battery, which even... Airchecks from unauthorized broadcast radio stations throughout the years what you are running.. Which can even be charged with solar power because you do n't know what you are running.! At 250,000 watts, XERF was five times as powerful as the most high-powered Top 40 AM on... Wrth ( World radio TV Handbook ) of the pirate Act, and thus are, themselves a... And recruiting the same pirates for their roster how of pirate radio Airchecks World... This equipment, we have a bill circulating around called the pirate Act call them of. By sharing their messageor favorite musicon the air around called the pirate Act and! And Columbia, Maryland this. 13.8/28 volts DC battery, which can even be charged with power! Does that, our Spectrum Enforcement Division or Thailand will never create a database for property... And Columbia, Maryland to `` more Than 7 Dirty Words, '' official. So it 's a problem point of pride for you from Philadelphia a wide of... A transmitter that complies with the Part 15 requirements has a very small operating range, about feet... Watts, XERF was five times as powerful as the most high-powered 40... Has a very small a coffee: https: //dkng.co/rogue -- -- -For purposes. And so, Yes, if it 's kind of like a cascade options. So you have options U.S. has had its share of pirate broadcasters over the as...
Bluebird Boutique Adams Ne, Lions For Lambs Quote German General, Articles H